Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1354:25-48. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_2.
Precise cell-specific spatio-temporal molecular signaling cascades regulate the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Importantly, the mechanisms regulating uterine receptivity, conceptus apposition and adhesion to the uterine luminal epithelia/superficial glandular epithelia and, in some species, invasion into the endometrial stroma and decidualization of stromal cells, are critical prerequisite events for placentation which is essential for the appropriate regulation of feto-placental growth for the remainder of pregnancy. Dysregulation of these signaling cascades during this critical stage of pregnancy can lead to pregnancy loss, impaired growth and development of the conceptus, and alterations in the transplacental exchange of gasses and nutrients. While many of these processes are conserved across species, significant variations in the molecular mechanisms governing maternal recognition of pregnancy, conceptus implantation, and placentation exist. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are critical for the establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy in humans, rodents, sheep, and pigs. Improving understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing these processes is critical to enhancing the fertility and reproductive health of humans and livestock species.
精确的细胞特异性时空分子信号级联调控着妊娠的建立和维持。重要的是，调节子宫容受性、胚胎附着和黏附于子宫腔上皮/浅层腺上皮的机制，以及在某些物种中，侵入子宫内膜基质和基质细胞蜕膜化，是胎盘形成的关键前提事件，对于妊娠剩余期间适当调节胎-胎盘生长至关重要。这些信号级联在妊娠的这个关键阶段的失调可能导致妊娠丢失、胚胎生长和发育受损，以及气体和营养物质的胎盘交换改变。虽然这些过程在物种间有很多保守的地方，但控制母体识别妊娠、胚胎着床和胎盘形成的分子机制存在显著差异。本综述讨论了在人类、啮齿动物、绵羊和猪中成功妊娠建立和维持的关键机制的复杂性。提高对这些过程的分子机制的理解对于提高人类和家畜的生育能力和生殖健康至关重要。
