Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy.
IRS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Jan;183:109149. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109149. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
Although an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been noted in women exposed to stressful conditions and traumatic events, limited information is available about such risk in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The study was designed as a non-concurrent case-control study on the prevalence of GDM, defined according to IADPSG 2010, in women giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in the hot spot of Northeast Italy from March 9th to May 18th, 2020, with an antecedent puerperae-matched group whose women had given birth in 2019.
Analysis revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, GDM prevalence was significantly higher than in 2019 (GDM, 48/533, 9 vs 86/637, 13.5%, p = 0.01), as illustrated by a higher GDM prevalence in 5/6 months of the final semester of 2020. In addition, logistic regression analysisconfirmed a statistically significant temporal relationship between experiencing the lockdown during the first trimester of gestation and later GDM incidence (t = 2.765, P = 0.012), with an 34% increase in mean number of GDM diagnoses per month (antilog of the parameter = 1.34).
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted GDM prevalence in 2020 compared to 2019, especially for pregnant women in the 1st trimester of gestation.
尽管有研究表明，暴露于应激条件和创伤性事件的女性患妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的风险增加，但关于 COVID-19 大流行背景下此类风险的信息有限。
本研究设计为一项非同期病例对照研究，旨在探讨 2020 年 COVID-19 大流行期间意大利东北部热点地区分娩的女性中 GDM 的患病率，GDM 的诊断标准采用 IADPSG 2010 标准，同时设立了 2019 年分娩的既往产后妇女匹配组。
分析显示，2020 年 COVID-19 大流行期间，GDM 的患病率明显高于 2019 年（GDM，48/533，9%比 86/637，13.5%，p=0.01），2020 年最后一个学期的 5/6 个月 GDM 患病率更高。此外，logistic 回归分析证实了妊娠早期经历封锁与随后 GDM 发生率之间存在统计学显著的时间关系（t=2.765，P=0.012），每月 GDM 诊断的平均数量增加了 34%（参数的自然对数=1.34）。
与 2019 年相比，2020 年 COVID-19 大流行对 GDM 的患病率产生了负面影响，尤其是对妊娠早期的孕妇。
