Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki, Japan.
Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2022 Feb;109:103822. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103822. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
Jockey safety is an important subject from a welfare perspective and public perception. This is the first retrospective case-control study that aims to identify risk factors associated with jockey falls (JF) in Thoroughbred jump races held by the Japan Racing Association (JRA). JF in 17,459 maiden-class race starts at eight racecourses from 2003 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were extracted from a database and official accident reports maintained by the JRA. Thirteen possible risk factors were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression to identify those that were significantly associated with JF. A total of 724 JF were recorded, with an incidence rate of 41.5 falls per 1,000 starts (95% CI: 38.6-44.5). Final model included stable, horse age, year, season, course, horse sex, horse experience, and jockey experience. No two-way interactions were observed. Six risk factors were significantly associated with JF: Year (2003-2007 or 2008-2012 > 2013-2017; P = .0011), season (spring, autumn, or winter > summer; P = .0006), course type (dual direction > single direction; P < .0001), horse sex (female > male or gelding; P = .0003), horse experience (inexperienced horse > experienced horse; P < .0001) and jockey experience (apprentice jockey > experienced jockey; P = .0332) significantly affected the odds of JF. In agreement with overseas reports, our results suggest that the occurrence of JF is multifactorial and associated with jockey- and horse-related factors as well as environmental factors. To safeguard the welfare of jockeys, implementation of measures according to identified risk factors is recommended.
从福利和公众认知的角度来看，骑师安全是一个重要的问题。这是第一项旨在确定与日本中央竞马会（JRA）举办的纯种马跳跃比赛中骑师落马（JF）相关风险因素的回顾性病例对照研究。对 2003 年至 2017 年在八个赛马场举行的 17459 场初出茅庐比赛的 17459 场初出茅庐比赛进行了回顾性审查。数据从 JRA 维护的数据库和官方事故报告中提取。使用多变量逻辑回归评估了 13 个可能的风险因素，以确定与 JF 显著相关的因素。共记录了 724 次 JF，发生率为每 1000 次起跑 41.5 次（95%CI：38.6-44.5）。最终模型包括马厩、马龄、年份、季节、赛道、马性别、马经验和骑师经验。未观察到双向相互作用。有六个风险因素与 JF 显著相关：年份（2003-2007 或 2008-2012 年>2013-2017 年；P=0.0011）、季节（春季、秋季或冬季>夏季；P=0.0006）、赛道类型（双赛道>单赛道；P<0.0001）、马性别（母马>公马或骟马；P=0.0003）、马经验（经验不足的马>经验丰富的马；P<0.0001）和骑师经验（学徒骑师>经验丰富的骑师；P=0.0332）显著影响 JF 的几率。与海外报告一致，我们的结果表明，JF 的发生是多因素的，与骑师和马相关因素以及环境因素有关。为了维护骑师的福利，建议根据确定的风险因素实施措施。
