J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA. ; California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2013 Jun 11;1(1):2325967113492625. doi: 10.1177/2325967113492625. eCollection 2013 Jan-Jun.
Despite the popularity of the horse racing industry in the United States and the wide recognition that horse racing is one of the most hazardous occupations, little focused research into the prevention of falls by and injuries to jockeys has been conducted.
To describe the incidence rates and characteristics of falls and injuries to Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racing jockeys in the state of California.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Data on race-day falls and injuries were extracted from jockey accident reports submitted to the California Horse Racing Board from January 2007 to December 2011. Denominator data, number of jockey race rides, were obtained from commercial and industry databases. Jockey fall, injury, and fatality incidence rates and ratios in Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse flat races were estimated using Poisson regression. Characteristics of falls and injuries are described and compared.
In Thoroughbred races, 184 jockey injuries occurred from 360 reported jockey falls, 180,646 race rides, 23,500 races, and 3350 race meetings. In Quarter Horse races, 85 jockey injuries occurred from 145 jockey falls, 46,106 race rides, 6320 races, and 1053 race meetings. Jockey falls occurred at a rate of 1.99 falls per 1000 rides in Thoroughbred races, with 51% of falls resulting in jockey injury, and 3.14 falls per 1000 rides in Quarter Horse races, with 59% of falls resulting in jockey injury. The majority of falls occurred during a race, with catastrophic injury or sudden death of the horse reported as the most common cause in both Thoroughbred (29%) and Quarter Horse (44%) races. During the period studied, 1 jockey fatality resulted from a fall. Jockey fall rates were lower but injury rates were comparable to those reported internationally.
On average, a licensed jockey in California can expect to have a fall every 502 rides in Thoroughbred races and every 318 rides in Quarter Horse races. While jockey fall rates were lower, injury rates were similar to those in other racing jurisdictions. The high proportion of jockey falls caused by horse fatalities should be further investigated.
尽管赛马在美国很受欢迎，而且人们普遍认为赛马是最危险的职业之一，但针对防止骑师摔倒和受伤的专项研究却很少。
描述加利福尼亚州纯种马和夸特马赛马骑师摔倒和受伤的发生率和特征。
描述性流行病学研究。
从 2007 年 1 月至 2011 年 12 月向加利福尼亚赛马委员会提交的骑师事故报告中提取有关比赛日摔倒和受伤的数据。从商业和行业数据库中获得骑师比赛骑乘次数（即参赛次数）的分母数据。使用泊松回归估计纯种马和夸特马平地赛马中骑师摔倒、受伤和死亡的发生率和比例。描述并比较摔倒和受伤的特征。
在纯种马比赛中，有 184 名骑师受伤，涉及 360 次报告的骑师摔倒、180646 次参赛、23500 场比赛和 3350 次比赛。在夸特马比赛中，有 85 名骑师受伤，涉及 145 次骑师摔倒、46106 次参赛、6320 场比赛和 1053 次比赛。在纯种马比赛中，骑师摔倒的发生率为每 1000 次骑行 1.99 次，其中 51%的摔倒导致骑师受伤，在夸特马比赛中，骑师摔倒的发生率为每 1000 次骑行 3.14 次，其中 59%的摔倒导致骑师受伤。大多数摔倒发生在比赛中，纯种马（29%）和夸特马（44%）比赛中最常见的原因是马的灾难性受伤或突然死亡。在研究期间，有 1 名骑师因摔倒死亡。与国际报道相比，加利福尼亚州的骑师摔倒率较低，但受伤率相当。
平均而言，加利福尼亚州的持照骑师在纯种马比赛中每 502 次骑行会摔倒一次，在夸特马比赛中每 318 次骑行会摔倒一次。虽然骑师摔倒率较低，但受伤率与其他赛马司法管辖区相似。应进一步调查由赛马死亡导致的骑师摔倒比例较高的原因。
