Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 101, Ba Ge Yan road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 22;21(1):1172. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06857-3.
Although a vaccination campaign has been conducted since 2004, Japanese encephalitis (JE) is still a public health problem in Guizhou, one of the provinces with the highest incidence of JE in China. The aim of this study was to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of JE and its relationship with environmental factors in Guizhou Province in the post-vaccination era, 2004-2016.
We collected data on human JE cases in Guizhou Province from 2004 to 2016 from the national infectious disease reporting system. A Poisson regression model was used to analyze the relationship between JE occurrence and environmental factors amongst counties.
Our results showed that the incidence and mortality of JE decreased after the initiation of vaccination. JE cases were mainly concentrated in preschool and school-age children and the number of cases in children over age 15 years was significantly decreased compared with the previous 10 years; the seasonality of JE before and after the use of vaccines was unchanged. JE incidence was positively associated with cultivated land and negatively associated with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, vegetation coverage, and developed land. In areas with cultivated land coverage < 25%, vegetation coverage > 55%, and urban area coverage > 25%, the JE risk was lower. The highest JE incidence was among mid-level GDP areas and in moderately urbanized areas.
This study assessed the relationship between incidence of JE and environmental factors in Guizhou Province. Our results highlight that the highest risk of JE transmission in the post-vaccination era is in mid-level developed areas.
尽管自 2004 年以来已经开展了疫苗接种运动，但在中国发病率最高的省份之一贵州省，日本脑炎（JE）仍然是一个公共卫生问题。本研究旨在了解接种疫苗后时代贵州省 JE 的时空分布及其与环境因素的关系，2004-2016 年。
我们从 2004 年至 2016 年从国家传染病报告系统中收集了贵州省人类 JE 病例的数据。使用泊松回归模型分析了县际 JE 发生与环境因素之间的关系。
我们的研究结果表明，接种疫苗后 JE 的发病率和死亡率有所下降。JE 病例主要集中在学龄前和学龄儿童，15 岁以上儿童的病例数明显低于前 10 年；疫苗使用前后 JE 的季节性不变。JE 发病率与耕地面积呈正相关，与人均国内生产总值（GDP）、植被覆盖率和发达土地呈负相关。在耕地面积覆盖率<25%、植被覆盖率>55%和城市面积覆盖率>25%的地区，JE 风险较低。GDP 中等水平和中度城市化地区的 JE 发病率最高。
本研究评估了贵州省 JE 发病率与环境因素之间的关系。我们的研究结果强调，接种疫苗后时代 JE 传播的最高风险处于中等发达地区。
