Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
College of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2021 Nov 13;2021:4553890. doi: 10.1155/2021/4553890. eCollection 2021.
Avian infectious bronchitis virus is a highly contagious disease occurring in respiratory, urogenital, and reproductive tissues of chicken causing considerable losses due to death, egg drop, and reduced production. This preliminary study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and to assess the potential risk factors in chickens of northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021. A total of 768 serum samples from three zones were collected. To investigate the presence of antibodies against IBV, the indirect ELISA serological test was applied. Positivity for anti-IBV antibodies was observed in 23.96% (95% CI: 20.98-27.14) of the samples. The mixed-effect logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors showed that IBV prevalence was significantly higher in young chickens than adults ( < 0.001) and higher in intensive farm type than in extensive type ( < 0.001). Based on the production purposes of the chickens, the odds of seropositivity for IB was significantly higher in layers than in broilers ( < 0.001) and dual purposes ( < 0.001). This study revealed higher seroprevalence in farms which had the "all-in-all-out" rearing method than in farms with different batches in one house with a significant difference ( < 0.001), higher seroprevalence in the poor ventilated type than in good ones ( < 0.001), and higher seroprevalence in the houses that did not remove used litter at all than houses of completely disposed and partially disposed litter (=0.002). Moreover, disinfection of houses had significant effect on the occurrence of IB. Having personal protective equipment was significantly affecting the occurrence of IB, being higher in the farms that have no wearing clothes and shoe than in those having wearing clothes and shoe (=0.002). In conclusion, the seroprevalence finding in the present study indicated that the organism is circulating among the population of chickens and high enough to cause significant economic losses Therefore, poultry houses should be cleaned, disinfected, and well ventilated and farm attendants should have separate farm shoe and clothes. Further studies on the virus isolation and molecular characterization of the target gene are needed in the study area.
鸡传染性支气管炎病毒是一种高度传染性疾病，发生于鸡的呼吸道、泌尿生殖道和生殖组织中，导致死亡、产蛋量下降和产量减少，造成相当大的损失。本初步研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚西北部鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）抗体的流行情况，并评估潜在的危险因素。这是一项 2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 6 月进行的横断面研究。从三个区采集了 768 份血清样本。为了检测 IBV 抗体的存在，应用了间接 ELISA 血清学检测。结果显示，23.96%（95%CI：20.98-27.14）的样本呈抗-IBV 抗体阳性。对潜在危险因素的混合效应逻辑回归分析表明，IBV 的流行率在幼鸡中明显高于成年鸡（<0.001），在集约化农场类型中明显高于粗放型农场（<0.001）。根据鸡的生产目的，层鸡的 IB 血清阳性率明显高于肉鸡（<0.001）和兼用型鸡（<0.001）。这项研究表明，采用“全进全出”饲养方式的农场的血清阳性率明显高于同一栋房屋中采用不同批次饲养的农场（<0.001），通风不良类型的血清阳性率明显高于通风良好类型（<0.001），完全处理和部分处理垫料的房屋的血清阳性率明显高于完全不处理垫料的房屋（=0.002）。此外，房屋消毒对 IB 的发生有显著影响。穿着个人防护设备对 IB 的发生有显著影响，不穿衣服和鞋子的农场比穿衣服和鞋子的农场高（=0.002）。总之，本研究的血清学调查结果表明，该病原体在鸡群中传播，流行率足够高，足以造成重大经济损失。因此，应清洁、消毒和充分通风家禽养殖场，农场工作人员应穿专用农场鞋和衣服。在该研究地区，还需要对病毒分离和目标基因的分子特征进行进一步研究。
