Departamento de enfermedades infecciosas y salud global, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Algete, Madrid, Spain.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Sep;69(5):3121-3127. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14399. Epub 2021 Dec 3.
West Nile Virus (WNV; family Flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) is a zoonotic arbovirus worldwide spread. Its genetic diversity has allowed the definition of at least seven lineages, being lineages 1 and 2 the most widely distributed. Western Mediterranean region has been affected by WNV since decades. In Spain, WNV is actively circulating, provoking annual outbreaks in birds, horses and lately in humans. Lineage 1 is responsible for outbreaks that occurred in central and southern regions, while lineage 2 has been recently described in wild birds in north-eastern part of the country. During 2017 season, a disease outbreak in captive raptors was reported in southern Spain and WNV was isolated from a dead northern goshawk. Full genome sequencing was followed by phylogenetic analyses and analyses of the amino acidic substitutions. This strain, named Spain/2017/NG-b, highly differs from those which have been circulating both in Spain and in the neighbouring Mediterranean countries, constituting a new distinct group, tentatively classified in a newly defined cluster 7 within the WNV clade 1a, supporting a new, independent introduction of the virus in the Western Mediterranean region from an unknown origin. Besides, circumstantial evidence indicates that this emerging WNV strain could be behind the subsequent outbreak occurred nearby in horses. Overall, the reinforcement of surveillance programs, especially in wild birds, is essential to early detect the circulation of WNV and other related flaviviruses that could cause outbreaks in wild or domestic birds, equine and human populations.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV；黄病毒科，黄病毒属）是一种在全球范围内传播的人畜共患虫媒病毒。其遗传多样性允许定义至少七个谱系，其中谱系 1 和 2 分布最广泛。几十年来，西地中海地区一直受到 WNV 的影响。在西班牙，WNV 活跃传播，导致鸟类、马匹和最近人类的年度爆发。谱系 1 负责发生在中部和南部地区的爆发，而谱系 2最近在该国东北部的野生鸟类中被描述。在 2017 季节，西班牙南部报告了圈养猛禽的疾病爆发，从一只死的北方游隼中分离出 WNV。随后进行了全基因组测序、系统发育分析和氨基酸取代分析。该菌株命名为 Spain/2017/NG-b，与在西班牙和邻近地中海国家流行的病毒高度不同，构成了一个新的独特群体，暂时在 WNV 枝 1a 内的新定义的簇 7 中分类，支持该病毒从一个未知来源在西地中海地区的新独立引入。此外，间接证据表明，这种新出现的 WNV 株可能是随后在附近马匹中发生的疫情的原因。总的来说，加强监测计划，特别是在野生鸟类中，对于早期发现 WNV 和其他相关黄病毒的传播至关重要，这些病毒可能导致野生或家养鸟类、马和人类种群的爆发。
