Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Innrain 66, 2nd floor, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021 Dec;133(23-24):1265-1271. doi: 10.1007/s00508-021-01985-x. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
Short-term antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown previously. The further development remains to be determined.
We prospectively followed 29 coronavirus disease 2019 cases, mean age 44 ± 13.2 years. Except for one participant in whom rheumatoid arthritis existed, all other cases were previously healthy. We determined anti-viral binding antibodies at 2-10 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after disease onset as well as neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against wild type at 6 and 12 months and the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants at month 12. Three binding antibody assays were used, targeting the nucleocapsid protein (NCP), the S1 subunit of the spike protein, and the receptor binding domain (RBD).
Antibodies to the RBD persisted for 12 months in all cases with increasing concentrations, whereas antibodies to S1 dropped below cut-off point in 7 participants and NCP antibodies were above cut-off point in only 5 subjects at month 12. The NAb against wild type were detected in all but 2 samples at 12 months of follow-up but clearly less frequently when targeting the variants. In 5 participants who were vaccinated against COVID-19 there was a strong increase of antibodies against S1 and RBD as well as an increase of NAb titres against wild type and the variants.
There was a persisting antibody response against SARS-CoV‑2 up to 12 months after COVID-19 with declining concentrations except for RBD and a strong increase of all antibody concentrations after vaccination.
先前已经证明了对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的短期抗体反应。其进一步的发展仍有待确定。
我们前瞻性地随访了 29 例 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例，平均年龄为 44±13.2 岁。除了 1 例存在类风湿关节炎的患者外，所有其他患者均既往健康。我们在发病后 2-10 周、3 个月、6 个月和 12 个月测定抗病毒结合抗体，以及在发病后 6 个月和 12 个月测定针对野生型和 B.1.1.7 和 B.1.351 变异株的中和抗体（NAb）。使用三种结合抗体检测方法，针对核衣壳蛋白（NCP）、刺突蛋白的 S1 亚单位和受体结合域（RBD）。
所有患者的 RBD 抗体均持续存在 12 个月，浓度逐渐增加，而 7 名患者的 S1 抗体滴度降至检测限以下，只有 5 名患者的 NCP 抗体在 12 个月时仍处于检测限以上。在 12 个月的随访中，除了 2 个样本外，所有样本均检测到针对野生型的 NAb，但针对变异株时检测到的频率明显较低。在 5 名接种 COVID-19 疫苗的患者中，S1 和 RBD 抗体以及针对野生型和变异株的 NAb 滴度均明显增加。
在 COVID-19 后 12 个月内，除了 RBD 外，针对 SARS-CoV-2 的抗体反应持续存在，浓度逐渐下降，接种疫苗后所有抗体浓度均明显增加。
