Knight Frances C, Wilson John T
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.
Adv Ther (Weinh). 2021 Apr;4(4). doi: 10.1002/adtp.202000230. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
In recent years, tissue-resident memory T cells (T) have attracted significant attention in the field of vaccine development. Distinct from central and effector memory T cells, T cells take up residence in home tissues such as the lung or urogenital tract and are ideally positioned to respond quickly to pathogen encounter. T have been found to play a role in the immune response against many globally important infectious diseases for which new or improved vaccines are needed, including influenza and tuberculosis. It is also increasingly clear that T play a pivotal role in cancer immunity. Thus, vaccines that can generate this memory T cell population are highly desirable. The field of immunoengineering-that is, the application of engineering principles to study the immune system and design new and improved therapies that harness or modulate immune responses-is ideally poised to provide solutions to this need for next-generation T vaccines. This review covers recent developments in vaccine technologies for generating T and protecting against infection and cancer, including viral vectors, virus-like particles, and synthetic and natural biomaterials. In addition, it offers critical insights on the future of engineering vaccines for tissue-resident memory T cells.
近年来，组织驻留记忆T细胞（T细胞）在疫苗研发领域备受关注。与中枢记忆T细胞和效应记忆T细胞不同，T细胞定居于肺或泌尿生殖道等自身组织中，能够在遇到病原体时迅速做出反应。已发现T细胞在针对许多全球重要传染病（包括流感和结核病）的免疫反应中发挥作用，而这些疾病都需要新的或改进的疫苗。越来越清楚的是，T细胞在癌症免疫中也起着关键作用。因此，能够产生这种记忆T细胞群体的疫苗非常受欢迎。免疫工程领域，即将工程原理应用于研究免疫系统并设计利用或调节免疫反应的新型和改进疗法，非常适合为下一代T细胞疫苗的这一需求提供解决方案。本综述涵盖了用于产生T细胞以及预防感染和癌症的疫苗技术的最新进展，包括病毒载体、病毒样颗粒以及合成和天然生物材料。此外，它还对组织驻留记忆T细胞工程疫苗的未来提供了重要见解。
