Das Rashmi Ranjan, Sankar Jhuma, Kabra Sushil Kumar
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2022 Feb;89(2):174-180. doi: 10.1007/s12098-021-03998-w. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that results from a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. There is no cure for asthma, and the management is usually as per published guidelines. As in many chronic diseases conditions, various alternative or complimentary therapies have been tried. Of these, yoga and pranayama have gained wider attention in recent years. While the term yoga is a complex term encompassing eight limbs as per Patamjai in the yoga sutras, in simple terms, yoga is described as a combination of 'asana' (physical exercises) and 'pranayama' (breathing exercise). The term "asthma" has been derived from the Greek word "panting,", which indicates a rapid and shallow breathing. The main aim of yoga and pranayama in asthma is to synchronize and control breathing, thus decreasing hyperventilation. Besides this, they also decrease the stress/strain/anxiety, change in behavior, boost immunity, and improve strength/endurance of respiratory muscles that are helpful in any subject with asthma. There have been a good number of studies including clinical trials in children with asthma that have found some beneficial effects. In the present review, the physiology of yoga and pranayama, rationale for their use in children with asthma along with a summary of various studies conducted till date, have been discussed. These are followed by recommendations regarding their incorporation in the standard of care of children with asthma.
哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病，由遗传、环境和生活方式因素的复杂相互作用引起。哮喘无法治愈，其管理通常遵循已发表的指南。与许多慢性疾病情况一样，人们尝试了各种替代或补充疗法。其中，瑜伽和调息近年来受到了更广泛的关注。虽然“瑜伽”一词是一个复杂的术语，根据帕坦伽利的《瑜伽经》包含八个分支，但简单来说，瑜伽被描述为“体式”（身体锻炼）和“调息”（呼吸练习）的结合。“哮喘”一词源自希腊语“气喘”，表示快速而浅的呼吸。瑜伽和调息对哮喘的主要目的是使呼吸同步并控制呼吸，从而减少过度通气。除此之外，它们还能减轻压力/紧张/焦虑、改变行为、增强免疫力，并提高呼吸肌的力量/耐力，这对任何哮喘患者都有帮助。已经有大量研究，包括针对哮喘儿童的临床试验，发现了一些有益效果。在本综述中，讨论了瑜伽和调息的生理学、它们在哮喘儿童中使用的原理以及迄今为止进行的各种研究总结。随后是关于将它们纳入哮喘儿童护理标准的建议。
