Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte. Universidade de Vigo. Pontevedra, España.
Observational Research Group.
Arch Argent Pediatr. 2021 Dec;119(6):386-393. doi: 10.5546/aap.2021.eng.386.
School furniture affects the sitting position of students in the classroom, as well as their health and learning. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the existence of a potential mismatch between school furniture dimensions and students' anthropometric characteristics, as well as to propose dimensions based on classroom actuality and the regulations in place in both Galicia and the European Union.
An evaluator with experience in anthropometry measured weight, height, popliteal height, sitting shoulder height, and sitting elbow height using an anthropometer and then compared values with the chairs and desks currently used. Analysis techniques were descriptive (measures of central tendency), single-factor analysis of variance, t test, χ² test (using the SPSS® software), and effect size (Cohen's d test). The significance level was established at p ≤ 0.05.
The sample was made up of 108 Spanish children in primary school (aged 6-12 years). Of them, 91.7 % and 97.2 % use, respectively, a chair and a desk that do not adjust to their anthropometric characteristics and use furniture that is larger than what they need. The regulations for furniture dimensions currently in place for the studied population are not adequate because the chairs and desks included are not adequate for the first grades of primary school.
There is a high mismatch level between school furniture and students' anthropometric characteristics. We propose the use of the European regulations for furniture dimensions, with varying heights per grade or adjustable furniture that can be adapted to the anthropometric characteristics of all students.
学校家具会影响学生在教室中的坐姿，以及他们的健康和学习。因此，有必要确定学校家具尺寸与学生人体测量特征之间是否存在潜在的不匹配，并根据教室实际情况以及加利西亚和欧盟的现行规定提出尺寸建议。
一位具有人体测量学经验的评估员使用人体测量计测量体重、身高、腘窝高、坐姿肩高和坐姿肘高，然后将这些值与当前使用的椅子和桌子进行比较。分析技术包括描述性分析（集中趋势测量）、单因素方差分析、t 检验、卡方检验（使用 SPSS®软件）和效应量（Cohen's d 检验）。显著性水平设定为 p ≤ 0.05。
该样本由 108 名西班牙小学生（6-12 岁）组成。其中，分别有 91.7%和 97.2%的学生使用的椅子和桌子不符合他们的人体测量特征，使用的家具比他们需要的大。目前针对研究人群的家具尺寸规定不够充分，因为所包含的椅子和桌子不适合小学低年级使用。
学校家具与学生人体测量特征之间存在高度不匹配。我们建议使用欧洲家具尺寸规定，每个年级的高度不同或使用可调节的家具，可以适应所有学生的人体测量特征。
