Wang S K, Zhao S W, Fu X Q, Meng Y P, Zhang Y, Luo C R, Zhou Y M, Song Z Z
Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2021 May 10;42(5):941-947. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20201020-01251.
Infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of morbidity and death globally, affecting public health and life, social and economic development, and even national security. Early detection focuses on detecting the abnormal information of infectious disease outbreaks or epidemics in a timely and sensitive way to conduct field investigation and verification. It is also a precursor to effective surveillance and early warning system. The effective surveillance and early warning system can fully and accurately understand the real conditions, driving forces, and transmission chain of the occurrence of a specific infectious disease outbreak and epidemic and put forward scientific and effective prevention and control strategies and measures. Due to the measurement of the resources support and the particular data collection value, it is not easy to obtain epidemiological, etiological, and other data information in a timely, complete and accurate manner. This paper summarized the theory and technology on early detection, effective surveillance, and early warning information on infectious diseases. It also integrated and utilized the multi-source data, including effective infectious disease surveillance and the country's early warning system, to better understand the outbreak epidemic, causes, risks, processes, and driving forces. Thus, it is possible to set up a sensitive, specific staging measurement innovative technical system to monitor, early warning, and timely respond to acute infectious diseases through multidisciplinary cooperation in China. It provides the basis for strengthening the surveillance and early warning of new emerging and major infectious diseases and public health emergencies, avoiding the spread of inadequate response to infectious disease, and preventing the resources waste of over-response.
传染病仍然是全球发病和死亡的主要原因之一，影响着公众健康和生活、社会经济发展乃至国家安全。早期检测侧重于及时、灵敏地检测传染病暴发或流行的异常信息，以便进行现场调查和核实。它也是有效监测和预警系统的先导。有效的监测和预警系统能够全面、准确地了解特定传染病暴发和流行发生的实际情况、驱动因素及传播链，并提出科学有效的防控策略和措施。由于资源支持的衡量以及特定数据收集价值的考量，及时、完整且准确地获取流行病学、病因学等数据信息并非易事。本文总结了传染病早期检测、有效监测及预警信息的理论和技术。还整合并利用了多源数据，包括有效的传染病监测和国家预警系统，以更好地了解疫情暴发、成因、风险、过程及驱动因素。从而有可能在中国通过多学科合作建立一个灵敏、特异的分级测量创新技术系统，以监测、预警并及时应对急性传染病。它为加强对新出现和重大传染病及突发公共卫生事件的监测和预警、避免对传染病应对不足的传播以及防止过度应对造成的资源浪费提供了依据。
