Esser R
Barn- och ungd.psyk. kliniken, Malmö, Sverige.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1987;337:64-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb07765.x.
The pitfalls of prevention are how we commonly think of high-risk groups, multideterminate causation, social change, community psychiatry and mental health. All of these pitfalls stem from a common trap in our thinking about living in terms of a cleavage between normality and abnormality. An alternative view of effective living is presented called The Vital Process. Vitality is seen as the key to prevention. Vitality emerges out of the challenge of facing our inner desperation. Living is making vitality out of desperation. We turn craziness into creativity, rage into courage, panic into initiative, violence into dynamism, hopelessness into achievement and self waste into self fulfillment. When we refuse to face our inner desperation we are at risk for its overwhelming us. Psychiatric diagnoses make this worse. They describe static pictures assumed to be abnormalities foreign to normal people. They make us more fearful and more blocked. The key to effecting prevention is making this idea of vitality central to our work roles. Doing this should replace the bureaucratic in our social institutions with a vital energy. The place for a vital psychiatry should be working directly in such social institutions and sharing responsibility for them. The path for changing these institutions is through leadership imbued with vitality. This in the end resolves into an issue of political leadership. The gain to be derived from such a rethinking of society is a greatly more effective mobilization of our human creativity resources. This is identical with preventing the psychiatric.
预防的陷阱涉及我们通常对高危群体、多因素因果关系、社会变革、社区精神病学和心理健康的看法。所有这些陷阱都源于我们在思考正常与异常的分裂状态下生活时所陷入的一个共同误区。本文提出了一种关于有效生活的不同观点,即“生命进程”。活力被视为预防的关键。活力源自面对内心绝望的挑战。生活就是从绝望中创造活力。我们将疯狂转化为创造力,愤怒转化为勇气,恐慌转化为主动性,暴力转化为活力,绝望转化为成就,自我荒废转化为自我实现。当我们拒绝面对内心的绝望时,就有被其淹没的风险。精神科诊断会使情况更糟。它们描绘的是被假定为正常人所没有的异常的静态画面。它们让我们更加恐惧和受阻。实现预防的关键是将这种活力观念置于我们工作角色的核心。这样做应该用一种充满活力的能量取代我们社会机构中的官僚作风。充满活力的精神病学的作用应该是直接在这些社会机构中工作,并为它们分担责任。改变这些机构的途径是通过充满活力的领导力。这最终归结为一个政治领导力的问题。从这样对社会的重新思考中获得的好处是更有效地调动我们人类的创造力资源。这与预防精神疾病是一致的。