Meroni Daniela, Djellabi Ridha, Ashokkumar Muthupandian, Bianchi Claudia L, Boffito Daria C
Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Chem Rev. 2022 Feb 9;122(3):3219-3258. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00438. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Intensification of ultrasonic processes for diversified applications, including environmental remediation, extractions, food processes, and synthesis of materials, has received attention from the scientific community and industry. The mechanistic pathways involved in intensification of ultrasonic processes that include the ultrasonic generation of cavitation bubbles, radical formation upon their collapse, and the possibility of fine-tuning operating parameters for specific applications are all well documented in the literature. However, the scale-up of ultrasonic processes with large-scale sonochemical reactors for industrial applications remains a challenge. In this context, this review provides a complete overview of the current understanding of the role of operating parameters and reactor configuration on the sonochemical processes. Experimental and theoretical techniques to characterize the intensity and distribution of cavitation activity within sonoreactors are compared. Classes of laboratory and large-scale sonoreactors are reviewed, highlighting recent advances in batch and flow-through reactors. Finally, examples of large-scale sonoprocessing applications have been reviewed, discussing the major scale-up and sustainability challenges.
超声过程在多种应用中的强化，包括环境修复、萃取、食品加工和材料合成等，已受到科学界和工业界的关注。超声过程强化所涉及的机理途径，包括空化气泡的超声产生、气泡崩溃时自由基的形成以及针对特定应用微调操作参数的可能性，在文献中均有详细记载。然而，使用大型声化学反应器将超声过程扩大规模用于工业应用仍然是一项挑战。在此背景下，本综述全面概述了目前对操作参数和反应器配置在声化学过程中作用的理解。比较了表征声化学反应器内空化活性强度和分布的实验和理论技术。综述了各类实验室和大型声化学反应器，突出了间歇式和连续流反应器的最新进展。最后，对大规模声处理应用的实例进行了综述，讨论了主要的放大规模和可持续性挑战。
