Girma Tilahun Abel, Molla Kebede Abebaw, Ejigu Amare Genetu
Schooll of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health science, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.
Nutr Metab Insights. 2021 Nov 20;14:11786388211057796. doi: 10.1177/11786388211057796. eCollection 2021.
A poor dietary intake of key macronutrients and micronutrients adversely affects pregnancy outcomes and neonatal health. The occurrence of dietary inadequacy during pregnancy is higher compared to any other stage of the life cycle. Therefore, this study aimed to assess dietary practice and associated factors among pregnant women.
A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 378 pregnant women from March to May 2021 at the public health institution of Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to reach the study participants. The short food-frequency questionnaires and nutrition-behaviors checklist measurement were used to assess the dietary practice. Nine questions were applied to assess the dietary attitudes of the respondents. After the summation of the score, the respondent was categorized as favorable attitude if their score was > the median and unfavorable attitude if their score was ⩽ to the median of the score. The data were entered into Epi Data 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 software for analysis. Variables of -value <.25 during bivariate logistic regression analysis were considered for multivariate analysis. Finally variables with an adjusted odds ratio of -value <.05 along with a 95% Confidence interval (CI) were declared statistically significant.
The overall magnitude of good dietary practice among pregnant women was 25.1% (95% CI: 20.9, 29.71%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the variables having television/radio (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.8, 10.2), household food security (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 9.9), good dietary knowledge(AOR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.98, 8.6), favorable dietary attitude (AOR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.2, 8.7), monthly income of 1000 to 2000 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.3,11.2) and >2000 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 7.0;95% CI: 3.3,15.4) were significantly associated with good dietary practice.
The dietary practice among pregnant women was very low. The factors like having television/radio, good dietary knowledge, household food security, favorable dietary attitude, and monthly income of 1000 to 200 and greater than 2000 Ethiopian birr were significantly associated with the good dietary practice of pregnant women.
关键宏量营养素和微量营养素的膳食摄入量不足会对妊娠结局和新生儿健康产生不利影响。孕期饮食不足的发生率高于生命周期中的任何其他阶段。因此，本研究旨在评估孕妇的饮食习惯及相关因素。
2021年3月至5月，在埃塞俄比亚西南部米赞-阿曼镇的公共卫生机构对378名孕妇进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究设计。采用系统随机抽样技术选取研究参与者。使用简短食物频率问卷和营养行为清单测量法评估饮食习惯。应用9个问题评估受访者的饮食态度。得分相加后，如果受访者得分>中位数，则分类为积极态度；如果得分⩽中位数，则分类为消极态度。数据录入Epi Data 3.1，并导出到社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）21版软件进行分析。双变量逻辑回归分析中P值<.25的变量纳入多变量分析。最后，调整比值比P值<.05并伴有95%置信区间（CI）的变量被宣布具有统计学意义。
孕妇良好饮食习惯的总体比例为25.1%（95%CI：20.9，29.71%）。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，拥有电视/收音机（比值比=4.2，95%CI：1.8，10.2）、家庭粮食安全（比值比=3.1，95%CI：1.0，9.9）、良好的饮食知识（比值比=4.1，95%CI：1.98，8.6）、积极的饮食态度（比值比=4.34，95%CI：1.2，8.7）、月收入1000至2000埃塞俄比亚比尔（比值比=3.7，95%CI：1.3，11.2）以及>2000埃塞俄比亚比尔（比值比=7.0；95%CI：3.3，15.4）与良好的饮食习惯显著相关。
孕妇的饮食习惯非常差。拥有电视/收音机、良好的饮食知识、家庭粮食安全、积极的饮食态度以及月收入1000至200和高于2000埃塞俄比亚比尔等因素与孕妇良好的饮食习惯显著相关。
