Annesi-Maesano Isabella, Fleddermann Manja, Hornef Mathias, von Mutius Erika, Pabst Oliver, Schaubeck Monika, Fiocchi Alessandro
Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, Montpellier University and University of Montpellier.
HiPP GmbH & Co. Vertrieb KG, Georg-Hipp-Straße 7, Pfaffenhofen, 85276, Germany.
World Allergy Organ J. 2021 Nov 12;14(11):100591. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100591. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Among non-communicable diseases, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased significantly in the new millennium. The increase of allergic diseases is linked to the changing environment of infants.
This narrative review summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the 8 Human Milk Workshop. Information from the fields of pediatrics, epidemiology, biology, microbiology, and immunology are summarized to establish a framework describing potential avenues for the prevention of allergic diseases in the future.
Several environmental circumstances are linked to the development of allergic diseases. While cesarean section is increasing the risk of allergies, early childhood exposure to a farm environment has a protective effect. From their analysis, nutritive and non-nutritive factors influencing the allergy risk in later life have been identified. The effect of breastfeeding on food allergy development is non-univocal. Human milk components including immunoglobulins, cytokines, and prebiotics have been indicated as important for allergy prevention.
Many factors linked to the western lifestyle have been associated with the development of allergic diseases. This suggests several theories that may serve as a basis for new protective interventions. While it is indubitable that mother's milk protects from infectious diseases, its role in the prevention of allergic diseases is to be elucidated.
在非传染性疾病中，过敏性疾病的患病率在新千年显著上升。过敏性疾病的增加与婴儿环境的变化有关。
本叙述性综述总结了8次母乳研讨会的讨论和结论。总结了儿科学、流行病学、生物学、微生物学和免疫学领域的信息，以建立一个描述未来预防过敏性疾病潜在途径的框架。
几种环境因素与过敏性疾病的发展有关。剖宫产会增加过敏风险，而幼儿期接触农场环境则有保护作用。通过分析，已确定了影响晚年过敏风险的营养和非营养因素。母乳喂养对食物过敏发展的影响并不明确。母乳成分，包括免疫球蛋白、细胞因子和益生元，已被证明对预防过敏很重要。
许多与西方生活方式相关的因素都与过敏性疾病的发展有关。这提出了几种理论，可作为新的保护性干预措施的基础。虽然母乳能预防传染病是毋庸置疑的，但其在预防过敏性疾病中的作用尚待阐明。
