1st Clinical Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 2a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
Nutrients. 2022 Jul 22;14(15):3011. doi: 10.3390/nu14153011.
Breastfeeding (BF) is the most natural mode of nutrition. Its beneficial effect has been revealed in terms of both the neonatal period and those of lifelong effects. However, as for protection against allergy, there is not enough data. In the current narrative review, the literature within the last five years from clinical trials and population-based studies on breastfeeding and allergy from different aspects was explored. The aim of this review was to explain how different factors could contribute to the overall effect of BF. Special consideration was given to accompanying exposure to cow milk, supplement use, the introduction of solid foods, microbiota changes, and the epigenetic function of BF. Those factors seem to be modifying the impact of BF. We also identified studies regarding BF in atopic mothers, with SCFA as a main player explaining differences according to this status. Conclusion: Based on the population-based studies, breastfeeding could be protective against some allergic phenotypes, but the results differ within different study groups. According to the new research in that matter, the effect of BF could be modified by different genetic (HMO composition), environmental (cesarean section, allergen exposure), dietary (SCFA, introduction of solid food), and immunologic factors (IgG, IgE), thus partially explaining the variance.
母乳喂养（BF）是最自然的营养方式。它在新生儿期和终生效应方面的有益效果已经显现。然而，就预防过敏而言，目前还没有足够的数据。在本次叙述性综述中，我们探讨了过去五年中关于母乳喂养和过敏的临床试验和基于人群的研究的文献，从不同方面探讨了母乳喂养和过敏的关系。本综述的目的是解释不同因素如何对 BF 的总体效果产生影响。特别考虑了伴随的牛奶暴露、补充剂使用、固体食物的引入、微生物群变化以及 BF 的表观遗传功能。这些因素似乎改变了 BF 的影响。我们还确定了关于特应性母亲母乳喂养的研究，短链脂肪酸（SCFA）作为主要参与者，根据这种状态解释差异。结论：基于基于人群的研究，母乳喂养可能对某些过敏表型具有保护作用，但不同研究组的结果存在差异。根据该领域的新研究，BF 的效果可能会受到不同遗传因素（HMO 组成）、环境因素（剖宫产、过敏原暴露）、饮食因素（SCFA、固体食物引入）和免疫因素（IgG、IgE）的影响，从而部分解释了这种差异。
