Najafipour Hamid, Abdollahi Farzaneh, Khatibi Mojgan, Amirzadeh Raheleh
Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences and Department of Physiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Caspian J Intern Med. 2021 Fall;12(4):551-561. doi: 10.22088/cjim.12.4.551.
Dietary pattern is influenced by lifestyle, genetic, cultural, and socioeconomic factors. We investigated the status of prudent (PDP) and imprudent (IDP) dietary patterns and their relationship with demographic and anthropometric variables and health conditions in an urban population of Southeastern Iran.
The study was conducted on 9997 people aged 15-80 years randomly selected using one-stage cluster sampling. Demographic and anthropometric measurements were recorded through face-to-face interview, and their nutritional status was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire. PDP and IDP were identified based on scoring to the type and daily/weekly frequency of foods consumed and their production methods.
Fifty nine percent of the participants were females. PDP participants reported daily intake of whole grains (99.5%), fruits (66.5%), and unsaturated oil (88.6%). Daily intake of sweets and high fat dairy products were 55.7% and 46%, respectively. Women (64.8% vs 35.2 %) and people with diabetes (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.01), and higher BMI (p<0.02) had healthier dietary status. People with lower education, cigarette smokers and opium users had a higher rate of IDP (all p<0.001). The dietary pattern improved with aging (AOR of IDP decreased from 1 in 15-24 years to 0.20 for 65-75 years) (p<0.001).
Younger people, men and those with lower education had unhealthier dietary pattern. It seems that dietary behavior is more related to the individuals' tendencies and taste preferences. Modification of nutritional behaviors of the population and leading young people, men, and those with lower education to improve their dietary pattern is recommended.
饮食模式受生活方式、遗传、文化和社会经济因素影响。我们调查了伊朗东南部城市人群中谨慎饮食模式（PDP）和不谨慎饮食模式（IDP）的状况及其与人口统计学、人体测量学变量和健康状况的关系。
本研究采用单阶段整群抽样法对9997名年龄在15 - 80岁的人群进行。通过面对面访谈记录人口统计学和人体测量数据，并通过食物频率问卷评估他们的营养状况。根据所食用食物的类型、每日/每周食用频率及其生产方式进行评分来确定PDP和IDP。
59%的参与者为女性。PDP参与者报告每日摄入全谷物（99.5%）、水果（66.5%）和不饱和油（88.6%）。甜食和高脂肪乳制品的每日摄入量分别为55.7%和46%。女性（64.8%对35.2%）以及患有糖尿病（p<0.001）、高血压（p<0.01）和BMI较高（p<0.02）的人群饮食状况更健康。受教育程度较低者、吸烟者和鸦片使用者的IDP发生率较高（均p<0.001）。饮食模式随年龄增长而改善（IDP的调整优势比从15 - 24岁的1降至65 - 75岁的）（p<0.001）。
年轻人、男性和受教育程度较低者的饮食模式不健康。饮食行为似乎与个人的倾向和口味偏好更相关。建议改变人群的营养行为，引导年轻人、男性和受教育程度较低者改善他们的饮食模式。 （注：原文中“IDP的调整优势比从15 - 24岁的1降至65 - 75岁的”后面缺少具体数字，译文按原文翻译）
