IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2022 Feb;69(2):637-649. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2021.3130682. Epub 2022 Jan 27.
The histologically identifiable cellular structure(s) involved in ultrasonic scattering is(are) yet to be uniquely identified. The study quantifies six possible cellular scattering parameters, namely, cell and nucleus radii and their respective cell and nucleus volume fractions as well as a combination of cell and nucleus radii and their volume fraction. The six cellular parameters are each derived from four cell lines (4T1, JC, LMTK, and MAT) and two tissue types (cell-pellet biophantom and ex vivo tumor). Optical histology and quantitative ultrasound (QUS), both independent approaches, are used to yield these cellular parameters. QUS scatterer parameters are experimentally determined using two ultrasonic scattering models: the spherical Gaussian model (GM) and the structure factor model (SFM) to yield insight about scattering from nuclei only and cells only. GM is a classical ultrasonic scattering model to evaluate QUS parameters and is well adapted for diluted media. SFM is adapted for dense media to estimate reasonably well scatterer parameters of cellular structures from ex vivo tissue. Nucleus and cell radii and volume fractions are measured optically from histology. They were used as inputs to calculate BSC for scattering from cells, nuclei, and both cells and nuclei. The QUS-derived scatterers (radii and volume fractions) distributions were then compared to the optical histology scatterer parameters derived from these calculated BSCs. The results suggest scattering from cells only (LMTK and MAT) or both cells and nuclei (4T1 and JC) for cell-pellet biophantoms and scattering from nuclei only for tumors.
目前尚未明确参与超声散射的组织学上可识别的细胞结构。本研究量化了六个可能的细胞散射参数，即细胞和细胞核半径及其相应的细胞和细胞核体积分数，以及细胞和细胞核半径及其体积分数的组合。这六个细胞参数均来自四种细胞系（4T1、JC、LMTK 和 MAT）和两种组织类型（细胞球型生物仿体和离体肿瘤）。光学组织学和定量超声（QUS）两种独立的方法都用于获得这些细胞参数。使用两种超声散射模型（球形高斯模型（GM）和结构因子模型（SFM））来确定 QUS 散射体参数，以深入了解仅来自细胞核和仅来自细胞的散射。GM 是一种经典的超声散射模型，用于评估 QUS 参数，非常适合于稀介质。SFM 适用于密介质，可合理估计离体组织中细胞结构的散射体参数。细胞核和细胞半径和体积分数通过组织学光学测量获得。它们被用作计算细胞、细胞核和细胞与细胞核散射的 BSC 的输入。然后将 QUS 衍生的散射体（半径和体积分数）分布与从这些计算 BSC 得出的光学组织学散射体参数进行比较。结果表明，细胞球型生物仿体中仅存在来自细胞的散射（LMTK 和 MAT）或来自细胞和细胞核的散射（4T1 和 JC），而肿瘤中仅存在来自细胞核的散射。
