Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5.
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5.
Poult Sci. 2022 Jan;101(1):101532. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101532. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
Changes in the metabolic fingerprint of plasma during the onset of lay in broiler breeders were investigated. We used metabolomics to identify biomarkers of sexual maturity and to provide a comprehensive understanding of breeder metabolome during the pullet to hen transition period. A total of 36 pullets were used, in which 30 pullets were randomly assigned to one of 10 unique growth trajectories and 6 birds were assigned to an unrestricted group. The growth trajectories were designed using a 3-phase Gompertz growth model with 10 levels of BW gain in the prepubertal and pubertal growth phases ranging from the breeder-recommended target BW to 22.5% higher, in 2.5% increments. The BW trajectories were applied to each individual bird using a precision feeding (PF) system, which collected BW and feed intake data for each individual bird. The birds were classified based on age at first egg (AFE), and 12 pullets were chosen from the lower and upper AFE extremes (early and late onset of lay) at 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 wk of age to run repeated blood plasma metabolomic assays. The metabolomic profile data were collected using a direct-injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and steroid assays. Univariate analysis identified 87 differential metabolites between the early- and late-onset of lay groups at 24 wk of age and 104 differential metabolites between the pullet and hen groups. Further investigation of differential metabolites showed 15 potential biomarkers for pullet to hen transition by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, mainly consisting of carnitine and choline metabolites. Differential metabolites during the pullet to hen transition were mainly associated with lipid, energy, and amino acid metabolism pathways, which gave clues to the physiological and metabolic shifts resulting from sexual maturation. At 24 wk of age, the main pathways involved in differentiation of the early- and late-onset of lay groups were related to lipid and amino acid metabolism. These metabolites could be involved in biosynthesis of egg yolk precursors in the liver.
研究了肉种鸡开产时血浆代谢指纹图谱的变化。我们使用代谢组学来鉴定性成熟的生物标志物，并提供在育成鸡到产蛋鸡过渡期间种鸡代谢组的全面理解。总共使用了 36 只育成母鸡，其中 30 只随机分配到 10 个独特生长轨迹中的一个，6 只分配到不受限制的组。生长轨迹使用具有预生殖和生殖生长阶段的 10 个 BW 增益水平的 3 相 Gompertz 生长模型设计，范围从种鸡推荐的目标 BW 到 22.5%，以 2.5%的增量递增。BW 轨迹通过精确饲喂（PF）系统应用于每个个体鸡，该系统收集每个个体鸡的 BW 和饲料摄入量数据。根据首次产蛋日龄（AFE）对鸡进行分类，并在 18、20、22、24 和 26 周龄时，从较低和较高 AFE 极端（早和晚开产）中选择 12 只育成母鸡进行重复血浆代谢组学检测。使用直接进样液相色谱-串联质谱和类固醇测定法收集代谢组学特征数据。单变量分析在 24 周龄时鉴定出早和晚开产组之间的 87 个差异代谢物，在育成鸡和产蛋鸡组之间鉴定出 104 个差异代谢物。通过分析接收者操作特征（ROC）曲线，进一步研究差异代谢物，显示出 15 个用于育成鸡到产蛋鸡过渡的潜在生物标志物，主要由肉碱和胆碱代谢物组成。育成鸡到产蛋鸡过渡期间的差异代谢物主要与脂质、能量和氨基酸代谢途径有关，为性成熟导致的生理和代谢变化提供了线索。在 24 周龄时，早和晚开产组分化的主要途径与脂质和氨基酸代谢有关。这些代谢物可能参与肝脏中蛋黄前体的生物合成。
