Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA; Environmental BioAcoustics, LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA.
Environmental BioAcoustics, LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA; Loughine Ltd, Aberdeen, UK.
Hear Res. 2022 Nov;425:108393. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108393. Epub 2021 Nov 11.
Investigators working with fish bioacoustics used to refer to fishes that have a narrow hearing bandwidth and poor sensitivity as "hearing generalists" (or "non-specialists"), while fishes that could detect a wider hearing bandwidth and had greater sensitivity were referred to as specialists. However, as more was learned about fish hearing mechanism and capacities, these terms became hard to apply since it was clear there were gradations in hearing capabilities. Popper and Fay, in a paper in Hearing Research in 2011, proposed that these terms be dropped because of the gradation. While this was widely accepted by investigators, it is now apparent that the lack of relatively concise terminology for fish hearing capabilities makes it hard to discuss fish hearing. Thus, in this paper we resurrect the terms specialist and non-specialist but use them with modifiers to express the specific structure of function that is considered a specialization. Moreover, this resurrection recognizes that hearing specializations in fishes may not only be related to increased bandwidth and/or sensitivity, but to other, perhaps more important, aspects of hearing such as sound source localization, discrimination between sounds, and detection of sounds in the presence of masking signals.
从事鱼类生物声学研究的研究人员过去常将听觉带宽较窄且敏感度较差的鱼类称为“听觉普通型”（或“非专业型”），而能够探测更宽听觉带宽且敏感度更高的鱼类则被称为“听觉专业型”。然而，随着人们对鱼类听觉机制和能力的了解越来越多，这些术语变得难以应用，因为很明显，鱼类的听觉能力存在着逐渐变化的梯度。2011 年，波普尔（Popper）和费（Fay）在《听觉研究》（Hearing Research）上发表的一篇论文中提出，由于这种梯度的存在，应该放弃这些术语。虽然这一观点得到了研究人员的广泛认可，但现在很明显，缺乏相对简洁的鱼类听觉能力术语，使得鱼类听觉难以讨论。因此，在本文中，我们重新使用了“专业型”和“非专业型”这两个术语，但使用修饰语来表达被认为是专业化的具体结构和功能。此外，这种复活认识到鱼类的听觉专业化不仅可能与带宽和/或敏感度的增加有关，还可能与声音定位、声音辨别和在掩蔽信号存在下检测声音等其他更重要的听觉方面有关。
