Coker Olabisi Oluwabukola
Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Feb;37(2):256-262. doi: 10.1111/jgh.15738. Epub 2021 Dec 6.
The gastrointestinal tract houses millions of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbes comprise of bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and microscopic eukaryotes, which co-evolved or colonize the gut forming complex symbiotic and mutualistic relationships. A state of homeostasis is required between host and gut microbiome relationship to maintain several host beneficial processes. Alterations in the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbes are associated with several human diseases including gastrointestinal cancers. Owed to their overwhelming abundance and ease of characterization, several studies focus on the role of bacteria in gastrointestinal cancers. There is however growing evidence that non-bacteria gut microbes are associated with the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. This review details the association of non-bacteria gut microbes including fungi, viruses, and archaea and their potential manipulation in the prevention and treatment of human gastrointestinal cancers.
胃肠道中栖息着数以百万计的微生物，统称为肠道微生物群。肠道微生物包括细菌、病毒、真菌、古菌和微观真核生物，它们共同进化或定殖于肠道，形成复杂的共生和互利关系。宿主与肠道微生物群的关系需要维持一种稳态，以保持宿主的多种有益生理过程。肠道微生物的分类和功能组成发生改变与包括胃肠道癌症在内的多种人类疾病相关。由于细菌数量众多且易于鉴定，多项研究聚焦于细菌在胃肠道癌症中的作用。然而，越来越多的证据表明，非细菌类肠道微生物与胃肠道癌症的发病机制有关。本综述详细阐述了包括真菌、病毒和古菌在内的非细菌类肠道微生物与胃肠道癌症的关联，以及它们在人类胃肠道癌症预防和治疗中的潜在调控作用。
