School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China; Dalian SEM Bioengineer and Biotech Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 20;813:151891. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151891. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
Global antibiotics consumption has been on the rise, leading to increased antibiotics release into the environment, which threatens public health by selecting for antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes, and may endanger the entire ecosystem by impairing primary production. Conventional bacteria-based treatment methods are only moderately effective in antibiotics removal, while abiotic approaches such as advanced oxidation and adsorption are costly and energy/chemical intensive, and may cause secondary pollution. Considered as a promising alternative, microalgae-based technology requires no extra chemical addition, and can realize tremendous CO mitigation accompanying growth related pollutants removal. Previous studies on microalgae-based antibiotics removal, however, focused more on the removal performances than on the removal mechanisms, and few studies have concerned the toxicity of antibiotics to microalgae during the treatment process. Yet understanding the removal mechanisms can be of great help for targeted microalgae-based antibiotics removal performances improvement. Moreover, most of the removal and toxicity studies were carried out using environment-irrelevant high concentrations of antibiotics, leading to reduced guidance for real-world situations. Integrating the two research fields can be helpful for both improving antibiotics removal and avoiding toxicological effects to primary producers by the residual pollutants. This study, therefore, aims to build a link connecting the occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment, the removal of antibiotics by microalgae-based processes, and the toxicity of antibiotics to microalgae. Distribution of various categories of antibiotics in different water environments were summarized, together with the antibiotics removal mechanisms and performances in microalgae-based systems, and the toxicological mechanisms and toxicity of antibiotics to microalgae after either short-term or long-term exposure. Current research gaps and future prospects were also analyzed. The review could provide much valuable information to the related fields, and provoke interesting thoughts on integrating microalgae-based antibiotics removal research and toxicity research on the basis of environmentally relevant concentrations.
全球抗生素的使用量一直在上升，导致抗生素大量释放到环境中，这通过选择抗生素耐药细菌和耐药基因来威胁公共健康，并可能通过破坏初级生产力来危害整个生态系统。传统的基于细菌的处理方法对抗生素的去除效果仅为中等，而诸如高级氧化和吸附等非生物方法则成本高昂且能源/化学密集，并且可能会造成二次污染。作为一种很有前途的替代方法，基于微藻的技术不需要额外添加化学物质，并且可以在伴随生长相关污染物去除的情况下实现巨大的 CO 减排。然而，先前基于微藻去除抗生素的研究更多地关注去除性能而不是去除机制，并且很少有研究关注抗生素在处理过程中对微藻的毒性。但是，了解去除机制对于有针对性地提高基于微藻的抗生素去除性能非常有帮助。此外，大多数去除和毒性研究都是使用与环境无关的高浓度抗生素进行的，这使得对实际情况的指导作用降低。整合这两个研究领域有助于提高抗生素的去除率，并避免残留污染物对初级生产者产生的毒理学影响。因此，本研究旨在建立一个连接，将抗生素在水生环境中的出现、基于微藻的过程对抗生素的去除以及抗生素对微藻的毒性联系起来。总结了各种类别抗生素在不同水环境污染中的分布情况，以及基于微藻的系统中抗生素的去除机制和性能，以及抗生素在短期或长期暴露后对微藻的毒性机制和毒性。还分析了当前的研究差距和未来的展望。该综述可为相关领域提供有价值的信息，并引发在基于环境相关浓度的基础上整合基于微藻的抗生素去除研究和毒性研究的有趣思路。
