Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China.
Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Mar;253:109250. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109250. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
Herbicides pose a potential threat to the soil biodiversity and health. Carfentrazone-ethyl (CE), a triazolinones herbicide, is increasingly used in agricultural production. Its non-target toxic effects on soil microorganisms and soil enzymes are reported recently. However, the sublethal toxicity of CE on soil invertebrates like earthworms is not yet known. Therefore, in this work, the sublethal toxic effects of CE (0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 μg/g in soil) on the soil earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were evaluated using a battery of biomarkers including reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzyme (superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT, peroxidase-POD, and glutathione S-transferase-GST) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, histopathological and DNA damage. Results indicated that CE increased ROS contents, enzyme activities, and MDA contents in the short-time (14 d), thus, causing a slight oxidative stress to E. fetida. However, the toxic effects of CE on earthworms gradually disappeared after 14 days. The CE did not cause histopathological and DNA damage in earthworms. Integrated Biological Response index (IBR) indicated that both concentration and exposure time of CE regulated its sublethal toxicity on earthworms. In conclusion, herbicide CE is safe to soil invertebrate earthworms when applied at the recommended doses. Our results contribute to the current understanding of CE effects on soil earthworms, and can be useful in developing soil health strategies under agrochemical use.
除草剂对土壤生物多样性和健康构成潜在威胁。Carfentrazone-ethyl（CE）是一种三唑啉酮类除草剂，在农业生产中被越来越多地使用。最近有报道称，它对土壤微生物和土壤酶具有非靶标毒性作用。然而，CE 对土壤无脊椎动物如蚯蚓的亚致死毒性尚不清楚。因此，在这项工作中，采用一系列生物标志物（包括活性氧（ROS）、酶（超氧化物歧化酶-SOD、过氧化氢酶-CAT、过氧化物酶-POD 和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶-GST）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、组织病理学和 DNA 损伤）评估了 CE（土壤中 0.05、0.5 和 5.0μg/g）对土壤蚯蚓（Eisenia fetida）的亚致死毒性效应。结果表明，CE 在短时间（14 天）内增加了 ROS 含量、酶活性和 MDA 含量，从而对 E. fetida 造成轻微的氧化应激。然而，CE 对蚯蚓的毒性作用在 14 天后逐渐消失。CE 未引起蚯蚓的组织病理学和 DNA 损伤。综合生物反应指数（IBR）表明，CE 的浓度和暴露时间调节了其对蚯蚓的亚致死毒性。总之，在推荐剂量下，除草剂 CE 对土壤无脊椎动物蚯蚓是安全的。我们的结果有助于了解 CE 对土壤蚯蚓的影响，并可用于制定农业化学品使用下的土壤健康策略。
