Matsumoto Sumire, Tsunematsu Tomomi
Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
Super-Network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Nov 3;10(11):1127. doi: 10.3390/biology10111127.
The majority of neurodegenerative diseases are pathologically associated with protein misfolding and aggregation. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia that slowly affects memory and cognitive function, and is characterized by the aggregation of the β-amyloid protein and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder typically resulting in rigidity and tremor, which is pathologically linked to the aggregation of α-synuclein, particularly in dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Sleep disorders commonly occur in AD and PD patients, and it can precede the onset of these diseases. For example, cognitively normal older individuals who have highly fragmented sleep had a 1.5-fold increased risk of subsequently developing AD. This suggests that sleep abnormalities may be a potential biomarker of these diseases. In this review, we describe the alterations of sleep in AD and PD, and discuss their potential in the early diagnosis of these diseases. We further discuss whether sleep disturbance could be a target for the treatment of these diseases.
大多数神经退行性疾病在病理上与蛋白质错误折叠和聚集有关。阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种缓慢影响记忆和认知功能的痴呆症，其特征是大脑中β-淀粉样蛋白的聚集和tau神经原纤维缠结。帕金森病（PD）是一种运动障碍，通常导致僵硬和震颤，在病理上与α-突触核蛋白的聚集有关，尤其是在中脑的多巴胺能神经元中。睡眠障碍在AD和PD患者中普遍存在，并且可能在这些疾病发作之前出现。例如，睡眠高度碎片化的认知正常老年人随后患AD的风险增加了1.5倍。这表明睡眠异常可能是这些疾病的潜在生物标志物。在这篇综述中，我们描述了AD和PD中睡眠的改变，并讨论了它们在这些疾病早期诊断中的潜力。我们还进一步讨论了睡眠障碍是否可以成为这些疾病治疗的靶点。
