Piñán Javier, Alegre Beatriz, Kirkwood Roy N, Soriano-Úbeda Cristina, Maj Magdalena, Domínguez Juan Carlos, Manjarín Rodrigo, Martínez-Pastor Felipe
Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy (Animal Medicine and Surgery), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Nov 16;11(11):3275. doi: 10.3390/ani11113275.
The Iberian pig is an autochthonous breed from the Iberian Peninsula highly valued for its meat. The sows are often bred as Iberian × Duroc crossings for increased efficiency. Since sow parity and season affect the reproductive performance, we evaluated two-year records from a commercial farrow-to-finish farm (live, stillborn, and mummified piglets after artificial insemination, AI). A total of 1293 Iberian sows were inseminated with semen from 57 boars (3024 AI). The effects of parity (gilts, 1, 2-4, 5-10, and >10 farrowings) and season were analyzed by linear mixed-effects models (LME). The data were fitted to cosinor models to investigate seasonal effects within parity groups. The effects of maximum daily temperature (MDT) and day length change (DLC) during spermatogenesis, pre-AI, and post-AI periods were analyzed with LME. The 2-4 group was the optimal one for parity. A seasonal effect was evident between spring-summer (lower fertility/prolificacy) and autumn-winter (higher). Cosinor showed that the seasonal drop in reproductive performance occurs earlier in Iberian sows than in other breeds, more evident in gilts. MDT negatively affected performance in all periods and DLC in spermatogenesis and pre-AI. These results are relevant for the improvement of Iberian sows' intensive farming.
伊比利亚猪是一种原产于伊比利亚半岛的猪种，因其猪肉而备受重视。母猪常被培育为伊比利亚猪与杜洛克猪的杂交品种，以提高养殖效率。由于母猪的胎次和季节会影响繁殖性能，我们评估了一个商业自繁自养猪场两年的记录（人工授精后活产、死产和木乃伊化仔猪情况）。共有1293头伊比利亚母猪用来自57头公猪的精液进行了人工授精（3024次人工授精）。通过线性混合效应模型（LME）分析胎次（初产母猪、1胎、2 - 4胎、5 - 10胎和超过10胎）和季节的影响。数据拟合到余弦模型以研究各胎次组内的季节效应。用LME分析精子发生期、人工授精前和人工授精后期间的最高日温度（MDT）和日长变化（DLC）的影响。2 - 4胎组是胎次方面的最佳组。春夏（繁殖力/产仔数较低）和秋冬（繁殖力/产仔数较高）之间存在明显的季节效应。余弦模型显示，伊比利亚母猪繁殖性能的季节性下降比其他品种出现得更早，在初产母猪中更明显。MDT在所有时期都对性能有负面影响，DLC在精子发生期和人工授精前对性能有负面影响。这些结果对于改进伊比利亚母猪的集约化养殖具有重要意义。
