Cacau Leandro Teixeira, De Miguel-Etayo Pilar, Santaliestra-Pasías Alba M, Giménez-Legarre Natalia, Marchioni Dirce Maria, Molina-Hidalgo Cristina, Censi Laura, González-Gross Marcela, Grammatikaki Evangelia, Breidenassel Christina, De Ruyter Thaïs, Kersting Mathilde, Gottrand Frederic, Androutsos Odysseas, Gómez-Martinez Sonia, Kafatos Anthony, Widhalm Kurt, Stehle Peter, Molnár Dénes, Manios Yannis, De Henauw Stefaan, Moreno Luis A
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil.
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facutlad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2021 Nov 12;8(11):1044. doi: 10.3390/children8111044.
Obesity in children and adolescents is a public health problem and diet can play a major role in this condition. We aimed to identify sex-specific dietary patterns (DP) and to evaluate the association with overweight/obesity in European adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with 2327 adolescents aged between 12.5 to 17.5 years from a multicenter study across Europe. The body mass index was categorized in "normal weight" and "overweight/obesity". Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were collected with a computerized self-reported software. Principal component factor analysis was used to identify DP. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the sex-specific DP and overweight/obesity outcome. As a result, we found three DP in boys (snacking and bread, Mediterranean diet, and breakfast) and four DP in girls (convenience, plant-based and eggs, Western, and breakfast). The association between DP and overweight/obesity highlights that those adolescents with higher adherence to the breakfast DP had lower odds for overweight/obesity, even after the inclusion of covariables in the adjustments. In European adolescents, the breakfast DP positively characterized by breakfast cereals, fruit, milk, and dairy and negatively characterized by sugar-sweetened beverages in boys and negatively characterized by cereals (pasta, rice, and others) in girls, was inversely associated with overweight/obesity.
儿童和青少年肥胖是一个公共卫生问题，饮食在这种情况中可能起主要作用。我们旨在确定特定性别的饮食模式（DP），并评估其与欧洲青少年超重/肥胖之间的关联。我们对来自欧洲一项多中心研究的2327名年龄在12.5至17.5岁之间的青少年进行了横断面分析。体重指数被分为“正常体重”和“超重/肥胖”。使用计算机化的自我报告软件收集了两次非连续的24小时饮食回忆。主成分因子分析用于确定饮食模式。混合效应逻辑回归模型用于评估特定性别的饮食模式与超重/肥胖结果之间的关联。结果，我们在男孩中发现了三种饮食模式（零食和面包、地中海饮食和早餐），在女孩中发现了四种饮食模式（便利食品、植物性和蛋类、西式和早餐）。饮食模式与超重/肥胖之间的关联表明，即使在调整中纳入协变量后，那些对早餐饮食模式依从性较高的青少年超重/肥胖的几率也较低。在欧洲青少年中，以早餐谷物、水果、牛奶和奶制品为正向特征，在男孩中以含糖饮料为负向特征，在女孩中以谷物（面食、米饭等）为负向特征的早餐饮食模式与超重/肥胖呈负相关。
