Kokkou Stamatia, Notara Venetia, Kanellopoulou Aikaterini, Antonogeorgos George, Rojas-Gil Andrea Paola, Kornilaki Ekaterina N, Lagiou Areti, Panagiotakos Demosthenes
Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Alexandras Avenue 196, 115 21 Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Thiseos 70, 176 76 Athens, Greece.
Children (Basel). 2022 Dec 13;9(12):1960. doi: 10.3390/children9121960.
Over the last few decades, childhood overweight and obesity tend to reach epidemic proportions. The present study aimed to examine whether the composition of breakfast, through the prism of its macronutrient content, could play a part in the development of excess body weight in children. A sample of 1728 Greek students from 47 primary schools was enrolled for the purposes of this study. Their weight and height were measured and their Body Mass Index was calculated and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Their dietary habits, breakfast foods of choice, and physical activity were assessed through the use of a self-completed questionnaire. Further assessment of breakfast composition was carried out in order to evaluate its macronutrient content. Initial analysis, which was only energy-adjusted, showed a negative association between body weight and breakfast protein content and a positive association for lipid content. After further adjustment for age, sex, level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity, there was a significant negative association between breakfast protein and excess body weight in children ( = 0.029), as well as a significant positive association of breakfast lipid content ( = 0.028). Breakfast macronutrient content seems to have an effect on body composition in children, independently of overall adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity, however further research is needed in order to elucidate potential pathways.
在过去几十年里，儿童超重和肥胖问题有趋于流行的态势。本研究旨在探讨早餐的构成，从其宏量营养素含量的角度，是否会对儿童超重的发展产生影响。为了本研究的目的，招募了来自47所小学的1728名希腊学生作为样本。测量了他们的体重和身高，并根据国际肥胖特别工作组的标准计算和分类了他们的体重指数。通过使用一份自我填写的问卷对他们的饮食习惯、早餐选择食物和身体活动进行了评估。为了评估早餐的宏量营养素含量，对早餐构成进行了进一步评估。仅进行能量调整的初步分析显示，体重与早餐蛋白质含量呈负相关，与脂质含量呈正相关。在对年龄、性别、对地中海饮食的依从程度和身体活动进行进一步调整后，儿童早餐蛋白质与超重之间存在显著的负相关（P = 0.029），早餐脂质含量也存在显著的正相关（P = 0.028）。早餐宏量营养素含量似乎对儿童的身体组成有影响，独立于对地中海饮食的总体依从性和身体活动，然而，需要进一步研究以阐明潜在的途径。
