Wölk Michele, Gebauer Corinna, Hoffmann Ralf, Milkovska-Stamenova Sanja
Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Foods. 2021 Oct 26;10(11):2579. doi: 10.3390/foods10112579.
Infant formula (IF) is a commonly used replacement whenever mother's own milk is not available. Most IFs are based on cow milk (powders, liquids). Alternatives, based on other sources such as goat milk or plants, exist. Independent of the source, IF production and composition are strictly regulated. Besides proteins, minerals, and lipids, milk contains a variety of endogenous peptides. Whereas the human milk peptidome has been studied intensively, the peptidomes of IFs have been mostly neglected. This study investigated the peptidomes of different types of first stage IF, including cow milk-based powders and liquids, and powdered goat milk-based IF, highlighting major similarities and differences to human milk. Extracted native peptidomes were analyzed by nanoRPC-ESI-MS/MS using two different fragmentation techniques allowing the confident identification of 1587 peptides. β-Casein peptides dominated in all samples. Interestingly, powdered and liquid cow milk-based IFs differed in the numbers of β- and α-casein peptides, indicating processing-derived variations. However, the peptidomes of cow and goat milk-based IF appeared to be more comparable to each other than to human milk. Despite an overlap in the major source proteins, many peptide sequences were different, i.e., species-specific. Remarkably, the data indicate that the human milk peptidome might be donor-specific as well.
婴儿配方奶粉（IF）是在无法获得母乳时常用的替代品。大多数婴儿配方奶粉以牛奶为基础（粉末状、液态）。也有基于其他来源（如羊奶或植物）的替代品。无论来源如何，婴儿配方奶粉的生产和成分都受到严格监管。除了蛋白质、矿物质和脂质外，牛奶还含有多种内源性肽。虽然人乳肽组已得到深入研究，但婴儿配方奶粉的肽组大多被忽视。本研究调查了不同类型的第一阶段婴儿配方奶粉的肽组，包括基于牛奶的粉末状和液态产品，以及基于羊奶粉的婴儿配方奶粉，突出了它们与人乳的主要异同。使用两种不同的碎裂技术，通过纳米RPC-ESI-MS/MS对提取的天然肽组进行分析，从而可靠地鉴定出1587种肽。β-酪蛋白肽在所有样品中占主导地位。有趣的是，基于牛奶的粉末状和液态婴儿配方奶粉在β-酪蛋白肽和α-酪蛋白肽的数量上有所不同，表明存在加工过程导致的差异。然而，基于牛奶和羊奶的婴儿配方奶粉的肽组彼此之间似乎比与人乳的肽组更具可比性。尽管主要来源蛋白质存在重叠，但许多肽序列不同，即具有物种特异性。值得注意的是，数据表明人乳肽组也可能具有供体特异性。
