Sousa Sofia, de Morais Inês Lança, Albuquerque Gabriela, Gelormini Marcello, Santos Mariana, Filipović-Hadžiomeragić Aida, Stojisavljevic Dragana, Damasceno Albertino, Moreira Pedro, Breda João, Lunet Nuno, Padrão Patrícia
EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
Foods. 2021 Oct 27;10(11):2594. doi: 10.3390/foods10112594.
Street food (SF) and takeaway food (TAF) are important sources of out-of-home meals in urban Bosnia and Herzegovina, where diet-related non-communicable diseases are growing rapidly. This study aimed to characterise SF and TAF purchased in urban areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regarding customers' characteristics and the nutritional composition of the foods and beverages. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sarajevo and Banja Luka in 2017. SF ( = 194) and TAF vending sites ( = 154) were selected through random and systematic sampling. Data on the food items purchased and customers' characteristics were collected by direct observation. Nutritional composition was estimated using data from chemical analyses of the foods most commonly available. Two-thirds of the customers observed ( = 755) were aged ≥35 years, half were women and 27.7% were overweight/obese. A total of 929 food items were purchased. The most commonly bought SFs were confectionery (30.5%), water (27.9%) and soft drinks/juices (22.2%). TAF customers purchased mostly savoury pastries (39.8%), breads (27.1%) and main dishes (21.4%). Almost half of customers purchased industrial food (i.e., pre-packaged foods and beverages produced by the food industry). The purchases presented median contents of 18.7 g of fat (39.6% saturated, 32.3% monounsaturated, 22.1% polyunsaturated, 1.5% trans), 838 mg of sodium and 285 mg of potassium. Saturated-fat contribution was higher in SF purchases (60.4% vs. 30.2%, < 0.001), whereas TAF purchases presented higher trans-fat proportion (1.8% vs. 0.6%, < 0.001), sodium (1241 vs. 89 mg, < 0.001) and sodium-potassium ratio (6.1 vs. 0.6, < 0.001). Generally, SF and TAF bought in Sarajevo and Banja Luka were rich in saturated and trans fatty-acids and sodium, and poor in potassium. Nutrition policies promoting use of healthier fats and salt reduction in SF and TAF may contribute to the prevention of diet-related diseases in these settings.
在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那城市地区，街头食品（SF）和外卖食品（TAF）是外出就餐的重要来源，而在这些地区，与饮食相关的非传染性疾病正在迅速增加。本研究旨在描述在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那城市地区购买的街头食品和外卖食品的情况，包括顾客特征以及食品和饮料的营养成分。2017年在萨拉热窝和巴尼亚卢卡进行了一项横断面研究。通过随机和系统抽样选择了街头食品售卖点（n = 194）和外卖食品售卖点（n = 154）。通过直接观察收集所购买食品项目和顾客特征的数据。利用最常见食品的化学分析数据估算营养成分。观察到的顾客中有三分之二（n = 755）年龄≥35岁，一半为女性，27.7%超重/肥胖。共购买了929份食品。最常购买的街头食品是糖果（30.5%）、水（27.9%）和软饮料/果汁（22.2%）。外卖食品顾客大多购买咸味糕点（39.8%）、面包（27.1%）和主菜（21.4%）。几乎一半的顾客购买工业食品（即食品工业生产的预包装食品和饮料）。所购买食品的中位数脂肪含量为18.7克（饱和脂肪占39.6%、单不饱和脂肪占32.3%、多不饱和脂肪占22.1%、反式脂肪占1.5%）、钠含量为838毫克、钾含量为285毫克。购买街头食品时饱和脂肪的贡献更高（60.4%对30.2%，P < 0.001），而购买外卖食品时反式脂肪比例更高（1.8%对0.6%，P < 0.001）、钠含量更高（1241对89毫克，P < 0.001）以及钠钾比更高（6.1对0.6，P < 0.001）。总体而言，在萨拉热窝和巴尼亚卢卡购买的街头食品和外卖食品富含饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸以及钠，而钾含量较低。促进在街头食品和外卖食品中使用更健康脂肪并减少盐分的营养政策可能有助于在这些环境中预防与饮食相关的疾病。
