在东欧，软饮料和果汁的消费与肥胖之间的关系：HAPIEE 研究的横断面和纵向分析。
Association between soft drink, fruit juice consumption and obesity in Eastern Europe: cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the HAPIEE study.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Research Department, Universidad de la Salud del Estado de México, Toluca, México.
出版信息
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020 Feb;33(1):66-77. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12696. Epub 2019 Sep 1.
BACKGROUND
Fruit juice and soft drink consumption have been shown to be related to obesity. However, this relationship has not been explored in Eastern Europe. The present study aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between fruit juice, soft drink consumption and body mass index (BMI) in Eastern European cohorts.
METHODS
Data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe population-based prospective cohort study, based in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic, were used. Intakes of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), artificially-sweetened beverage (ASB) and fruit juice were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Participant BMI values were assessed at baseline (n = 26 634) and after a 3-year follow-up (data available only for Russia, n = 5205).
RESULTS
Soft drink consumption was generally low, particularly in Russia. Compared to never drinkers of SSB, participants who drank SSB every day had a significantly higher BMI in the Czech [β-coefficient = 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02-0.54], Russian (β-coefficient = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.62-2.15) and Polish (β-coefficient = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.29-1.37) cohorts. Occasional or daily ASB consumption was also positively associated with BMI in all three cohorts. Results for daily fruit juice intake were inconsistent, with a positive association amongst Russians (β-coefficient = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.28-1.21) but a negative trend in the Czech Republic (β-coefficient = -0.42; 95% CI = -0.86 to 0.02). Russians participants who drank SSB or ASB had an increased BMI after follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support previous studies suggesting that soft drink consumption (including SSBs and ASBs) is positively related to BMI, whereas our results for fruit juice were less consistent. Policies regarding these beverages should be considered in Eastern Europe to lower the risk of obesity.
背景
已有研究表明，饮用果汁和软饮料与肥胖有关。然而，这种关系在东欧尚未得到探索。本研究旨在评估东欧队列中果汁、软饮料消费与体重指数（BMI）的横断面和纵向关系。
方法
本研究使用了基于俄罗斯、波兰和捷克共和国的健康、酒精和心理社会因素的人群前瞻性队列研究的数据。通过食物频率问卷估计了含糖饮料（SSB）、人工甜味饮料（ASB）和果汁的摄入量。参与者的 BMI 值在基线（n=26634）和 3 年随访时进行了评估（仅在俄罗斯获得数据，n=5205）。
结果
软饮料的消费普遍较低，特别是在俄罗斯。与从不饮用 SSB 的参与者相比，每天饮用 SSB 的参与者在捷克（β系数=0.28；95%置信区间[CI] 0.02-0.54）、俄罗斯（β系数=1.38；95% CI 0.62-2.15）和波兰（β系数=0.83；95% CI 0.29-1.37）队列中 BMI 更高。偶尔或每天饮用 ASB 也与所有三个队列的 BMI 呈正相关。关于每日果汁摄入量的结果不一致，俄罗斯人呈正相关（β系数=0.75；95% CI 0.28-1.21），但在捷克呈负趋势（β系数=-0.42；95% CI -0.86 至 0.02）。随访后，饮用 SSB 或 ASB 的俄罗斯参与者 BMI 增加。
结论
我们的研究结果支持了先前的研究，表明软饮料（包括 SSB 和 ASB）的消费与 BMI 呈正相关，而我们关于果汁的结果则不太一致。在东欧，应考虑这些饮料的政策，以降低肥胖风险。
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