Synytsya Alla, Vaňková Aneta, Miškovičová Michaela, Petrtýl Jaromír, Petruželka Luboš
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Nov 4;11(11):2048. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11112048.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and often fatal cancers in humans, but it has the highest chance of a cure if detected at an early precancerous stage. Carcinogenesis in the colon begins as an uncontrolled growth forming polyps. Some of these polyps can finally be converted to colon cancer. Early diagnosis of adenomatous polyps is the main approach for screening and preventing colorectal cancer, and vibration spectroscopy can be used for this purpose. This work is focused on evaluating FTIR and Raman spectroscopy as a tool in the ex vivo analysis of colorectal polyps, which could be important for the early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Multivariate analyses (PCA and LDA) were used to assist the spectroscopic discrimination of normal colon tissue, as well as benign and malignant colon polyps. The spectra demonstrated evident differences in the characteristic bands of the main tissue constituents, i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides, etc. Suitable models for discriminating the three mentioned diagnostic groups were proposed based on multivariate analyses of the spectroscopic data. LDA classification was especially successful in the case of a combined set of 55 variables from the FTIR, FT Raman and dispersion Raman spectra. This model can be proposed for ex vivo colorectal cancer diagnostics in combination with the colonoscopic extraction of colon polyps for further testing. This pilot study is a precursor for the further evaluation of the diagnostic potential for the simultaneous in vivo application of colonoscopic Raman probes.
结直肠癌是人类最常见且往往致命的癌症之一，但如果在癌前早期阶段被发现，其治愈几率最高。结肠中的致癌过程始于形成息肉的不受控制的生长。其中一些息肉最终可能会转变为结肠癌。腺瘤性息肉的早期诊断是筛查和预防结直肠癌的主要方法，振动光谱可用于此目的。这项工作的重点是评估傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和拉曼光谱作为结直肠息肉离体分析工具的作用，这对结直肠癌的早期诊断可能很重要。使用多变量分析（主成分分析和线性判别分析）来辅助对正常结肠组织以及良性和恶性结肠息肉进行光谱鉴别。光谱显示出主要组织成分（即蛋白质、核酸、脂质、多糖等）特征带的明显差异。基于光谱数据的多变量分析，提出了用于区分上述三个诊断组的合适模型。在结合了来自FTIR、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱和色散拉曼光谱的55个变量的情况下，线性判别分析分类特别成功。该模型可与结肠镜下提取结肠息肉结合用于离体结直肠癌诊断，以供进一步测试。这项初步研究是进一步评估结肠镜拉曼探头同时体内应用诊断潜力的前奏。
