Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Research Administration Office, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2021 Sep 5;258:119818. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119818. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed globally and is also one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in both men and women. The progression of CRC is slow and is often contained in colon but the risk increases with age. Based on the high certainty that the net benefit of screening in an age group is substantial, screening for CRC is recommended beginning at the age of 50. Currently, most of the incidence is concentrated in developed countries but the rate is increasing rapidly in developing geographies. Detecting CRC at an early stage is critical to reduce morbidity and mortality. Colonoscopy is the most preferred screening method but not very widely implemented due to practical considerations such as cost involved, lack of personnel and facility. To address these concerns, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been suggested as a viable alternative due to its potential as a rapid non-invasive diagnostic tool. Recently, several studies have been reported but many variations of RS applications in CRC exists and are not well understood by non-specialists. This review focuses particularly on developments of Raman based liquid biopsy and endoscopic studies in order to throw light on each of their significance and limitations. Necessary developments in the future to translate RS into a clinical tool for screening and diagnosis of CRC are also briefly presented.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球诊断出的第三大常见癌症，也是男性和女性癌症死亡的主要原因之一。CRC 的进展缓慢，通常局限于结肠，但风险随着年龄的增长而增加。基于对某一年龄组筛查净效益很大的确信，建议从 50 岁开始进行 CRC 筛查。目前，大多数发病率集中在发达国家，但在发展中地区的发病率增长迅速。早期发现 CRC 对于降低发病率和死亡率至关重要。结肠镜检查是最常用的筛查方法，但由于成本、人员和设施等实际考虑因素，尚未广泛实施。为了解决这些问题，拉曼光谱（RS）已被提议作为一种可行的替代方法，因为它具有作为快速非侵入性诊断工具的潜力。最近已经有几项研究报告，但 RS 在 CRC 中的应用存在多种变化，非专业人士对此并不了解。本综述特别关注基于拉曼的液体活检和内镜研究的进展，以阐明它们各自的意义和局限性。还简要介绍了将 RS 转化为 CRC 筛查和诊断的临床工具的未来必要发展。
