Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 12;22(22):12252. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212252.
Cold atmospheric plasma has great potential for use in modern medicine. It has been used in the clinical treatment of skin diseases and chronic wounds, and in laboratory settings it has shown effects on selective decrease in tumour-cell viability, reduced tumour mass in animal models and stem-cell proliferation. Many researchers are currently focusing on its application to internal structures and the use of plasma-activated liquids in tolerated and effective human treatment. There has also been analysis of plasma's beneficial synergy with standard pharmaceuticals to enhance their effect. Cold atmospheric plasma triggers various responses in tumour cells, and this can result in epigenetic changes in both DNA methylation levels and histone modification. The expression and activity of non-coding RNAs with their many important cell regulatory functions can also be altered by cold atmospheric plasma action. Finally, there is ongoing debate whether plasma-produced radicals can directly affect DNA damage in the nucleus or only initiate apoptosis or other forms of cell death. This article therefore summarises accepted knowledge of cold atmospheric plasma's influence on epigenetic changes, the expression and activity of non-coding RNAs, and DNA damage and its effect in synergistic treatment with routinely used pharmaceuticals.
冷等离体子体在现代医学中有很大的应用潜力。它已被用于皮肤病和慢性创面的临床治疗，在实验室环境中，它已显示出对选择性降低肿瘤细胞活力、减少动物模型中的肿瘤质量和干细胞增殖的作用。许多研究人员目前正专注于将其应用于内部结构，并利用等离子体激活的液体进行耐受和有效的人体治疗。也有研究分析了等离子体与标准药物的有益协同作用，以增强其效果。冷等离体子体在肿瘤细胞中引发各种反应，这可能导致 DNA 甲基化水平和组蛋白修饰的表观遗传变化。非编码 RNA 的表达和活性及其许多重要的细胞调节功能也可以通过冷等离体子体的作用而改变。最后，目前仍在争论等离子体产生的自由基是否可以直接影响核内的 DNA 损伤，还是仅启动细胞凋亡或其他形式的细胞死亡。因此，本文总结了冷等离体子体对表观遗传变化、非编码 RNA 的表达和活性以及与常规使用药物协同治疗时的 DNA 损伤及其影响的已有认识。
