Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 17;22(22):12409. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212409.
Epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, the processes inherent to T2DM, also play active roles in the onset and progression of CRC. Recently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a typical characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia, emerged as another possible underlying link between T2DM and CRC. Growing evidence suggests that antidiabetic medications may have beneficial effects in CRC prevention. According to findings from a limited number of preclinical and clinical studies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) could be a promising strategy in reducing the incidence of CRC in patients with diabetes. However, available findings are inconclusive, and further studies are required. In this review, novel evidence on molecular mechanisms linking T2DM with CRC development, progression, and survival will be discussed. In addition, the potential role of GLP-1RAs therapies in CRC prevention will also be evaluated.
流行病学数据表明，2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的存在与结直肠癌（CRC）的发生之间存在显著关联。慢性高血糖、胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激和炎症是 T2DM 固有的过程，它们也在 CRC 的发生和进展中发挥积极作用。最近，小而密的低密度脂蛋白（LDL）颗粒，即糖尿病血脂异常的典型特征，成为 T2DM 和 CRC 之间另一个可能的潜在联系。越来越多的证据表明，抗糖尿病药物可能对 CRC 的预防具有有益作用。根据为数不多的临床前和临床研究结果，胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体激动剂（GLP-1RAs）可能是降低糖尿病患者 CRC 发病率的一种有前途的策略。然而，目前的研究结果尚不一致，需要进一步的研究。在这篇综述中，将讨论关于 T2DM 与 CRC 发生、发展和生存相关的分子机制的新证据。此外，还将评估 GLP-1RA 治疗在 CRC 预防中的作用。
