Lin Anqi, Ding Yanxi, Li Zhengrui, Jiang Aimin, Liu Zaoqu, Wong Hank Z H, Cheng Quan, Zhang Jian, Luo Peng
Donghai County People's Hospital - Jiangnan University Smart Healthcare Joint Laboratory, Donghai County People's Hospital (Affiliated Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University), Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222000, China.
Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
Biomark Res. 2025 Mar 27;13(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s40364-025-00765-3.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a primary first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. This has raised concerns about their impact on cancer risk, spurring extensive research. This review systematically examines the varied effects of GLP-1RAs on the risk of different types of tumors, including overall cancer risk and specific cancers such as thyroid, pancreatic, reproductive system, liver, and colorectal cancers. The potential biological mechanisms underlying their influence on cancer risk are complex, involving metabolic regulation, direct antitumor effects, immune modulation, and epigenetic changes. A systematic comparison with other antidiabetic agents reveals notable differences in their influence on cancer risk across drug classes. Additionally, critical factors that shape the relationship between GLP-1RAs and cancer risk are thoroughly analyzed, including patient demographics, comorbidities, treatment regimens, and lifestyle factors, offering essential insights for developing individualized treatment protocols. Despite significant research progress, critical gaps remain. Future research should prioritize elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind the antitumor effects, refining individualized treatment strategies, investigating early tumor prevention applications, assessing potential benefits for non-diabetic populations, advancing the development of novel therapies, establishing robust safety monitoring frameworks, and building precision medicine decision-making platforms. These efforts aim to establish novel roles for GLP-1RAs in cancer prevention. and treatment, thereby advancing the progress of precision medicine.
胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂（GLP-1RAs）已成为2型糖尿病的主要一线治疗药物。这引发了人们对其对癌症风险影响的担忧，从而激发了广泛的研究。本综述系统地研究了GLP-1RAs对不同类型肿瘤风险的多种影响，包括总体癌症风险以及甲状腺癌、胰腺癌、生殖系统癌、肝癌和结直肠癌等特定癌症。其影响癌症风险的潜在生物学机制很复杂，涉及代谢调节、直接抗肿瘤作用、免疫调节和表观遗传变化。与其他抗糖尿病药物的系统比较显示，不同药物类别对癌症风险的影响存在显著差异。此外，还深入分析了影响GLP-1RAs与癌症风险关系的关键因素，包括患者人口统计学特征、合并症、治疗方案和生活方式因素，为制定个性化治疗方案提供了重要见解。尽管取得了重大研究进展，但仍存在关键差距。未来的研究应优先阐明抗肿瘤作用背后的分子机制，完善个性化治疗策略，研究早期肿瘤预防应用，评估对非糖尿病人群的潜在益处，推进新型疗法的开发，建立强大的安全监测框架，以及构建精准医学决策平台。这些努力旨在确立GLP-1RAs在癌症预防和治疗中的新作用，从而推动精准医学的发展。
