RASSF1A-Mediated Suppression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα)-Driven Breast Cancer Cell Growth Depends on the Hippo-Kinases LATS1 and 2.

Around 70% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). This receptor is of central importance for breast cancer development and estrogen-dependent tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the control of ERα expression and function in the context of breast carcinogenesis are complex and not fully understood. In previous work, we have demonstrated that the tumor suppressor RASSF1A suppresses estrogen-dependent growth of breast cancer cells through a complex network that keeps ERα expression and function under control. We observed that RASSF1A mediates the suppression of ERα expression through modulation of the Hippo effector Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activity. Here we report that RASSF1A-mediated alteration of YAP1 depends on the Hippo-kinases LATS1 and LATS2. Based on these results, we conclude that inactivation of RASSF1A causes changes in the function of the Hippo signaling pathway and altered activation of YAP1, and as a consequence, increased expression and function of ERα. Thus, the inactivation of RASSF1A might constitute a fundamental event that supports the initiation of ERα-dependent breast cancer. Furthermore, our results support the notion that the Hippo pathway is important for the suppression of luminal breast cancers, and that the tumor-suppressor function of RASSF1A depends on LATS1 and LATS2.