Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 22;18(22):12259. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182212259.
Cocaine and methamphetamine are widely used illicit psychostimulants worldwide, with steadily increasing global markets that may impact on the frequency of use. Importantly, their use typically begins in youth. This is a particular concern because there is a link between the early age of first substance use and severity of substance use disorder later in life. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate trends in prevalence, frequency, and age of onset of cocaine or methamphetamine use between 2005 and 2018 in the United States, using the nationally representative NHANES datasets. Factors associated with the ages of cocaine or methamphetamine use onset were also identified. From 2005 to 2018, prevalence and frequencies of cocaine or methamphetamine use increased, while age of onset remained relatively stable (~20 years of age). Annual household income, use of other substances, and intravenous drug use were identified as factors associated with early onset cocaine or methamphetamine use. These factors have important implications toward developing new prevention programs to reduce psychostimulant use.
可卡因和冰毒是全球范围内广泛使用的非法精神兴奋剂，其全球市场不断扩大，可能会影响使用频率。重要的是，它们的使用通常始于青年时期。这是一个特别令人关注的问题，因为首次使用物质的年龄与以后生活中物质使用障碍的严重程度之间存在关联。因此，本研究旨在使用具有全国代表性的 NHANES 数据集，调查美国在 2005 年至 2018 年间可卡因或冰毒使用的流行率、频率和发病年龄的趋势，并确定与可卡因或冰毒使用发病年龄相关的因素。从 2005 年至 2018 年，可卡因或冰毒使用的流行率和频率增加，而发病年龄相对稳定（约 20 岁）。年收入、使用其他物质和静脉注射毒品被确定为与早期可卡因或冰毒使用相关的因素。这些因素对制定新的预防计划以减少精神兴奋剂的使用具有重要意义。
