Pismenskaya Natalia, Bdiri Myriam, Sarapulova Veronika, Kozmai Anton, Fouilloux Julie, Baklouti Lassaad, Larchet Christian, Renard Estelle, Dammak Lasâad
Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia.
Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France.
Membranes (Basel). 2021 Oct 25;11(11):811. doi: 10.3390/membranes11110811.
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are increasingly used in dialysis and electrodialysis processes for the extraction, fractionation and concentration of valuable components, as well as reagent-free control of liquid media pH in the food industry. Fouling of IEMs is specific compared to that observed in the case of reverse or direct osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and other membrane processes. This specificity is determined by the high concentration of fixed groups in IEMs, as well as by the phenomena inherent only in electromembrane processes, i.e., induced by an electric field. This review analyzes modern scientific publications on the effect of foulants (mainly typical for the dairy, wine and fruit juice industries) on the structural, transport, mass transfer, and electrochemical characteristics of cation-exchange and anion-exchange membranes. The relationship between the nature of the foulant and the structure, physicochemical, transport properties and behavior of ion-exchange membranes in an electric field is analyzed using experimental data (ion exchange capacity, water content, conductivity, diffusion permeability, limiting current density, water splitting, electroconvection, etc.) and modern mathematical models. The implications of traditional chemical cleaning are taken into account in this analysis and modern non-destructive membrane cleaning methods are discussed. Finally, challenges for the near future were identified.
离子交换膜（IEMs）越来越多地用于透析和电渗析过程，用于提取、分离和浓缩有价值的成分，以及在食品工业中对液体介质pH值进行无试剂控制。与反渗透、直接渗透、超滤、微滤及其他膜过程中观察到的污垢相比，IEMs的污垢具有特殊性。这种特殊性由IEMs中固定基团的高浓度以及仅在电膜过程中固有的现象（即由电场诱导的现象）决定。本综述分析了关于污垢物质（主要是乳制品、葡萄酒和果汁行业中常见的污垢物质）对阳离子交换膜和阴离子交换膜的结构、传输、传质及电化学特性影响的现代科学出版物。利用实验数据（离子交换容量、含水量、电导率、扩散渗透率、极限电流密度、水分解、电对流等）和现代数学模型，分析了污垢物质的性质与离子交换膜在电场中的结构、物理化学、传输性质及行为之间的关系。在该分析中考虑了传统化学清洗的影响，并讨论了现代无损膜清洗方法。最后，确定了近期面临的挑战。
