Brognara Lorenzo, Mazzotti Antonio, Di Martino Alberto, Faldini Cesare, Cauli Omar
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy.
1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Giulio Cesare Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Oct 22;57(11):1145. doi: 10.3390/medicina57111145.
Diabetes mellitus is considered a serious public health problem due to its high prevalence and related complications, including gait and posture impairments due to neuropathy and vascular alterations and the subsequent increased risk of falls. The gait of patients with diabetes is characterized by alterations of the main spatiotemporal gait parameters such as gait velocity, cadence, stride time and length, which are also known to worsen with disease course. Wearable sensor systems can be used for gait analysis by providing spatiotemporal parameters and postural control (evaluated from the perspective of body sway), useful for investigating the disease progression. Thanks to their small size and low cost of their components, inertial measurement units (IMUs) are easy to wear and are cheap tools for movement analysis. The aim of this study is to review articles published in the last 21 years (from 2000 to 2021) concerning the application of wearable sensors to assess spatiotemporal parameters of gait and body postural alterations in patients with diabetes mellitus. Relevant articles were searched in the Medline database using PubMed, Ovid and Cochrane libraries. One hundred and four articles were initially identified while searching the scientific literature on this topic. Thirteen were selected and analysed in this review. Wearable motion sensors are useful, noninvasive, low-cost, and objective tools for performing gait and posture analysis in diabetic patients. The IMUs can be worn at the lumber levels, tibias or feet, and different spatiotemporal parameters of movement and static posture can be assessed. Future research should focus on standardizing the measurement setup and selecting the most informative spatiotemporal parameters for gait and posture analysis.
由于糖尿病的高患病率及其相关并发症，包括神经病变和血管改变导致的步态和姿势障碍以及随后增加的跌倒风险，糖尿病被认为是一个严重的公共卫生问题。糖尿病患者的步态特征是主要时空步态参数的改变，如步态速度、步频、步幅时间和长度，这些参数也会随着病程的发展而恶化。可穿戴传感器系统可用于步态分析，通过提供时空参数和姿势控制（从身体摆动的角度评估），有助于研究疾病进展。由于其体积小和组件成本低，惯性测量单元（IMU）易于佩戴，是用于运动分析的廉价工具。本研究的目的是回顾过去21年（2000年至2021年）发表的有关可穿戴传感器在评估糖尿病患者步态时空参数和身体姿势改变方面应用的文章。使用PubMed、Ovid和Cochrane图书馆在Medline数据库中搜索相关文章。在搜索关于该主题的科学文献时，最初识别出104篇文章。本综述选择并分析了13篇。可穿戴运动传感器是用于对糖尿病患者进行步态和姿势分析的有用、无创、低成本且客观的工具。IMU可以佩戴在腰部、胫骨或足部，并且可以评估运动和静态姿势的不同时空参数。未来的研究应侧重于标准化测量设置，并为步态和姿势分析选择最具信息量的时空参数。
