Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
Department of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Nov 19;21(22):7714. doi: 10.3390/s21227714.
A large section of the population around the globe is migrating towards urban settlements. Nations are working toward smart city projects to provide a better wellbeing for the inhabitants. Cyber-physical systems are at the core of the smart city setups. They are used in almost every system component within a smart city ecosystem. This paper attempts to discuss the key components and issues involved in transforming conventional cities into smart cities with a special focus on cyber-physical systems in the Indian context. The paper primarily focuses on the infrastructural facilities and technical knowhow to smartly convert classical cities that were built haphazardly due to overpopulation and ill planning into smart cities. It further discusses cyber-physical systems as a core component of smart city setups, highlighting the related security issues. The opportunities for businesses, governments, inhabitants, and other stakeholders in a smart city ecosystem in the Indian context are also discussed. Finally, it highlights the issues and challenges concerning technical, financial, and other social and infrastructural bottlenecks in the way of realizing smart city concepts along with future research directions.
全球很大一部分人口正在向城市聚居地迁移。各国都在努力开展智慧城市项目，为居民提供更好的福祉。信息物理系统是智慧城市的核心。它们几乎用于智慧城市生态系统中的每个系统组件。本文试图讨论将传统城市转变为智慧城市所涉及的关键组件和问题，特别关注印度语境下的信息物理系统。本文主要关注基础设施和技术知识，以智慧城市的方式巧妙地将由于人口过多和规划不善而随意建造的古典城市转变为智慧城市。它进一步讨论了信息物理系统作为智慧城市架构的核心组件，强调了相关的安全问题。还讨论了印度智慧城市生态系统中企业、政府、居民和其他利益相关者的机会。最后，它强调了在实现智慧城市概念的过程中技术、财务以及其他社会和基础设施瓶颈方面存在的问题和挑战，以及未来的研究方向。
