Lombardo Michele D M, Mangiavini Laura, Peretti Giuseppe M
Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20100 Milan, Italy.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Nov 7;13(11):1886. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111886.
Menisci are crucial structures for knee homeostasis. After a meniscal lesion, the golden rule, now, is to save as much meniscus as possible; only the meniscus tissue that is identified as unrepairable should be excised, and meniscal sutures find more and more indications. Several different methods have been proposed to improve meniscal healing. They include very basic techniques, such as needling, abrasion, trephination and gluing, or more complex methods, such as synovial flaps, meniscal wrapping or the application of fibrin clots. Basic research of meniscal substitutes has also become very active in the last decades. The aim of this literature review is to analyze possible therapeutic and surgical options that go beyond traditional meniscal surgery: from scaffolds, which are made of different kind of polymers, such as natural, synthetic or hydrogel components, to new technologies, such as 3-D printing construct or hybrid biomaterials made of scaffolds and specific cells. These recent advances show that there is great interest in the development of new materials for meniscal reconstruction and that, with the development of new biomaterials, there will be the possibility of better management of meniscal injuries.
半月板是维持膝关节稳态的关键结构。半月板损伤后，目前的黄金法则是尽可能多地保留半月板；只有确定无法修复的半月板组织才应切除，半月板缝合术的适应证也越来越多。人们提出了几种不同的方法来促进半月板愈合。这些方法包括非常基本的技术，如针刺、磨损、环钻和胶合，或更复杂的方法，如滑膜瓣、半月板包裹或应用纤维蛋白凝块。在过去几十年中，半月板替代物的基础研究也变得非常活跃。这篇文献综述的目的是分析超越传统半月板手术的可能治疗和手术选择：从由不同类型聚合物（如天然、合成或水凝胶成分）制成的支架，到新技术，如3D打印构建体或由支架和特定细胞制成的混合生物材料。这些最新进展表明，人们对开发用于半月板重建的新材料非常感兴趣，并且随着新型生物材料的发展，将有可能更好地处理半月板损伤。
