Geddes Charles M, Gulden Robert H
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, 66 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Oct 24;10(11):2276. doi: 10.3390/plants10112276.
Rapid growth of cool-season weeds in the spring exacerbates weed interference during early soybean ( (L.) Merr.) establishment in northern climates. This study tested the utility of spring-seeded inter-row living mulches in soybean for early season weed suppression using volunteer canola ( L.) as a representative model weed species. The effects of the presence or absence of spring wheat ( L.) or winter cereal rye ( L.) living mulches (mulch type) that had been seeded simultaneously with soybean grown using 38 or 76 cm row spacing (spatial arrangement) and the presence or absence of herbicides used for mid-season mulch termination (herbicide regime) were evaluated in three environments in Manitoba, Canada, in 2013 and 2014. Soybean yield was similar in the presence and absence of the living mulches. In the environment that received the lowest precipitation (Carman 2013), the mulches terminated with post-emergence glyphosate resulted in a 55% greater soybean yield compared to the mulches that remained live throughout the growing season. Inter-row mulches that had been living or terminated mid-season reduced volunteer canola seed production by about one-third (up to 9000 seeds m). This study demonstrates the utility of wheat or cereal rye inter-row living mulches for enhanced interference with weeds during early soybean establishment.
春季冷季杂草的快速生长加剧了北方气候条件下大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）早期定植期间的杂草干扰。本研究以自生油菜（Brassica napus L.）作为代表性杂草物种，测试了春季播种的行间覆盖作物在大豆种植中对早期杂草抑制的作用。2013年和2014年在加拿大曼尼托巴省的三个环境中，评估了与大豆同时播种的春小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）或冬黑麦（Secale cereale L.）覆盖作物（覆盖类型）的有无、采用38厘米或76厘米行距（空间布局）种植大豆以及用于季中终止覆盖作物的除草剂（除草剂处理方式）的有无对大豆产量的影响。有无覆盖作物时大豆产量相似。在降水量最低的环境（卡曼，2013年）中，用苗后草甘膦终止覆盖作物的处理比整个生长季覆盖作物存活的处理大豆产量高出55%。行间覆盖作物无论是在生长季中存活还是被终止，都使自生油菜种子产量减少了约三分之一（每平方米多达9000粒种子）。本研究证明了小麦或黑麦行间覆盖作物在增强大豆早期定植期间对杂草干扰方面的作用。
