Yankova-Tsvetkova Elina, Yurukova-Grancharova Petka, Aneva Ina, Zhelev Petar
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Dendrology, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Oct 26;10(11):2296. doi: 10.3390/plants10112296.
(Primulaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant. The main characteristics for assessing the reproductive potential (embryological features; mode of reproduction; pollen and seed viability) and the genetic diversity of populations of the species from Bulgaria were studied. The anthers are tetrasporangiate. Their wall development follows the Dicotyledonous-type and consists of: epidermis, a fibrous endothecium, an ephemeral middle layer and a secretory (glandular) tapetum. After meiosis in pollen mother cells and simultaneous microsporogenesis tetrahedral tetrads are formed predominantly in the anthers. Many ovules (approximately 20) develop in the unilocular ovary and are anatropous, tenuinucellate and bitegmic. The embryo sac (ES) develops after (monosporic)-type from the chalazal cell of linear megaspore tetrad in the ovule. After double fertilization, a Caryophyllad-type embryo and initially nuclear endosperm form. In the studied populations, high pollen viability of more than 95% was established. Extremely low viability (about 4%) of the seeds obtained from natural populations was established. The results reveal to be a predominantly amphimictic (sexually reproducing) species, although rare vegetative propagation is also observed. As a result of this study, essential data were obtained about the reproductive structures and processes and for assessing the reproductive potential of .
报春花科植物是一种有价值的药用植物。研究了保加利亚该物种种群的生殖潜力（胚胎学特征、繁殖方式、花粉和种子活力）及遗传多样性的主要特征。花药具四个花粉囊。其壁的发育遵循双子叶植物类型，由表皮、纤维状的药室内壁、短暂的中层和分泌型（腺质）绒毡层组成。花粉母细胞减数分裂后，同时进行小孢子发生，花药中主要形成四面体型四分体。单室子房中有许多胚珠（约20个）发育，胚珠倒生、薄珠心、具双珠被。胚囊从胚珠中直线形大孢子四分体的合点端细胞经单孢型发育而来。双受精后，形成石竹型胚和初生胚乳核。在所研究的种群中，确定花粉活力高于95%。从自然种群获得的种子活力极低（约4%）。结果表明，该物种主要为两性融合生殖（有性繁殖）物种，不过也观察到罕见的营养繁殖。这项研究获得了有关生殖结构和过程的重要数据，用于评估该物种的生殖潜力。
