AbdElgawad Hamada, Okla Mohammad K, Al-Amri Saud S, Al-Hashimi Abdulrahman, Al-Qahtani Wahida H, Al-Qahtani Salem Mesfir, Abbas Zahid Khorshid, Al-Harbi Nadi Awad, Abd Algafar Ayman, Almuhayawi Mohammed S, Selim Samy, Abdel-Mawgoud Mohamed
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt.
Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 11;10(11):2434. doi: 10.3390/plants10112434.
Caraway plants have been known as a rich source of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoid glucosides and alkaloids. In this regard, the application of elevated CO (eCO) as a bio-enhancer for increasing plant growth and phytochemical content has been the focus of many studies; however, the interaction between eCO and plants at different developmental stages has not been extensively explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the changes in growth, photosynthesis and phytochemicals of caraway plants at two developmental stages (sprouts and mature tissues) under control and increased CO conditions (ambient CO (a CO, 400 ± 27 μmol CO mol air) and eCO, 620 ± 42 μmol CO mol air ppm). Moreover, we evaluated the impact of eCO-induced changes in plant metabolites on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway sprouts and mature plants. CO enrichment increased photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of both caraway stages. Regarding their phytochemical contents, caraway plants interacted differently with eCO, depending on their developmental stages. High levels of CO enhanced the production of total nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, fats and crude fibers, as well as organic and amino acids, in an equal pattern in both caraway sprouts and mature plants. Interestingly, the eCO-induced effect on minerals, vitamins and phenolics was more pronounced in caraway sprouts than the mature tissues. Furthermore, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway plants were enhanced under eCO treatment, particularly at the mature stage. Overall, eCO provoked changes in the phytochemical contents of caraway plants, particularly at the sprouting stage and, hence, improved their nutritive and health-promoting properties.
香菜植株一直被认为是植物化学物质的丰富来源，如黄酮类化合物、单萜糖苷和生物碱。在这方面，将高浓度二氧化碳（eCO）作为生物增强剂以促进植物生长和增加植物化学物质含量的应用已成为许多研究的焦点；然而，eCO与处于不同发育阶段的植物之间的相互作用尚未得到广泛研究。因此，本研究旨在调查在对照和高浓度二氧化碳条件下（环境二氧化碳（aCO，400±27μmol CO₂/mol空气）和eCO，620±42μmol CO₂/mol空气ppm），香菜植株在两个发育阶段（芽苗和成熟组织）的生长、光合作用和植物化学物质的变化。此外，我们评估了eCO诱导的植物代谢物变化对香菜芽苗和成熟植株的抗氧化和抗菌活性的影响。二氧化碳富集增加了香菜两个阶段的光合作用和生物量积累。关于它们的植物化学物质含量，香菜植株与eCO的相互作用因发育阶段而异。高浓度二氧化碳以相同模式提高了香菜芽苗和成熟植株中总营养物质的产量，即碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和粗纤维，以及有机化合物和氨基酸。有趣的是，eCO对矿物质、维生素和酚类物质的诱导作用在香菜芽苗中比在成熟组织中更明显。此外，在eCO处理下，香菜植株的抗氧化和抗菌活性增强，尤其是在成熟阶段。总体而言，eCO引发了香菜植株植物化学物质含量的变化，特别是在发芽阶段，从而改善了它们的营养和促进健康的特性。
