Hlisnikovský Lukáš, Menšík Ladislav, Kunzová Eva
Division of Crop Management Systems, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 16;10(11):2473. doi: 10.3390/plants10112473.
If available to farmers, potatoes represent a crop classically fertilized with farmyard manure in the Czech Republic. At the same time, potatoes are a crop sensitive to soil-climate conditions. We evaluated the effect of cattle manure (FYM), manure and mineral nitrogen (FYM + N1, FYM + N2), manure and mineral fertilizers (FYM + N1PK, FYM + N2PK, FYM + N3PK) application and the effect of three soil-climatic conditions (Caslav-maize production area with degraded Chernozem, Ivanovice-maize production area with Chernozem, Lukavec-potatoes production area with Cambisol) over four years (2016-2019) on potatoes yield and soil chemical properties. Of all the factors, yields were most affected by location. Lukavec provided the highest average yields (37.2 t ha), followed by Ivanovice (23.5 t ha) and Caslav (15.5 t ha). The second most important factor was the climatic conditions of the year. Fertilization was the third most important parameter. FYM significantly increased yields compared to Control, but applied alone cannot cover the needs of potatoes. Similarly, the application of FYM and N increases yields, but for the highest yields, it is best to apply FYM + NPK (80 kg ha N). Co-application of FYM and mineral N fertilizers mitigates the negative impact of mineral N on soil pH.
对于捷克共和国的农民来说，如果有条件，土豆是一种传统上用农家肥施肥的作物。同时，土豆是一种对土壤气候条件敏感的作物。我们评估了牛粪（FYM）、牛粪与矿质氮（FYM + N1、FYM + N2）、牛粪与矿质肥料（FYM + N1PK、FYM + N2PK、FYM + N3PK）的施用效果，以及三种土壤气候条件（切尔诺贝利退化黑土的恰斯拉夫玉米产区、黑土的伊万诺维采玉米产区、雏形土的卢卡韦茨土豆产区）在四年（2016 - 2019年）期间对土豆产量和土壤化学性质的影响。在所有因素中，产量受种植地点的影响最大。卢卡韦茨的平均产量最高（37.2吨/公顷），其次是伊万诺维采（23.5吨/公顷）和恰斯拉夫（15.5吨/公顷）。第二个最重要的因素是年份的气候条件。施肥是第三个最重要的参数。与对照相比，FYM显著提高了产量，但单独施用不能满足土豆的需求。同样，FYM与N的配合施用提高了产量，但要获得最高产量，最好施用FYM + NPK（80千克/公顷氮）。FYM与矿质氮肥的配合施用减轻了矿质氮对土壤pH值的负面影响。
