Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 25;13(11):3778. doi: 10.3390/nu13113778.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Promoting healthy behaviors throughout life is an essential prevention tool. This study investigated the associations among lifestyle profiles (including diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and cardiovascular screening), sociodemographic factors (gender, age, education, and family history of CVDs), and psychological factors (sense of coherence and dispositional optimism). In total, 676 healthy adults (mean age = 35 years; range = 19-57; 46% male) participated in an online survey. Lifestyle profiles were identified through cluster analysis, and a multinomial logistic regression was then performed to explore their association with sociodemographic and psychological variables. Results show that men were more likely than women to belong to the lifestyle profile with the highest amount of physical activity (OR = 2.40; < 0.001) and the greatest attention to cardiovascular screening (OR = 2.09; < 0.01). Lower dispositional optimism was associated with the profile paying the greatest attention to cardiovascular screening (OR = 0.67; < 0.05). Sense of coherence, in terms of lower comprehensibility (OR = 0.67; < 0.05) and higher manageability (OR = 1.43; < 0.05), was associated with the lifestyle profile characterized by an unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, and nonsmoking. This study shed light on factors associated with different co-occurring health-related behaviors that should be considered in planning effective communication strategies promoting adherence to health claims.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。在一生中促进健康行为是预防的重要手段。本研究调查了生活方式特征（包括饮食、饮酒、体力活动、吸烟和心血管筛查）、社会人口因素（性别、年龄、教育程度和 CVD 家族史）和心理因素（心理一致感和倾向性乐观）之间的关系。共有 676 名健康成年人（平均年龄 35 岁；范围 19-57 岁；46%为男性）参与了在线调查。通过聚类分析确定生活方式特征，然后进行多项逻辑回归以探讨其与社会人口学和心理变量的关系。结果表明，男性比女性更有可能属于体力活动量最大（OR = 2.40； < 0.001）和最关注心血管筛查（OR = 2.09； < 0.01）的生活方式特征。较低的倾向性乐观与最关注心血管筛查的特征有关（OR = 0.67； < 0.05）。心理一致感在理解度较低（OR = 0.67； < 0.05）和可管理性较高（OR = 1.43； < 0.05）方面与以不健康饮食、久坐不动的生活方式和不吸烟为特征的生活方式特征有关。本研究揭示了与不同共现健康相关行为相关的因素，在规划有效沟通策略以促进健康声明的遵守时应考虑这些因素。
