Dębska-Janus Małgorzata, Rozpara Michał, Muchacka-Cymerman Agnieszka, Dębski Paweł, Tomik Rajmund
Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
Institute of Psychology, Humanitas University in Sosnowiec, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 May 3;15(5):626. doi: 10.3390/bs15050626.
This study examines the roles of optimism and self-efficacy in influencing health behaviors among Polish health sciences students, with a focus on gender differences. A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 318 students. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) were used to assess self-efficacy, optimism, and health behaviors' (HB) intensity, respectively. The variation in the HB was significant concerning the level of dispositional optimism ((2, 312) = 4.22, = 0.016, ηp = 0.03). LOT-R results turned out to be a statistically significant condition for higher frequency of positive mental attitude (PMA) behaviors and preventive actions (PAs). Gender differences were observed: higher scores of PMA and PhA were more frequent among men, whilst women were characterized with higher PA. The effect of gender and both GSES and LOT-R for the HBI results was statistically significant in two subscales (with LOT-R for PhA and with GSES for PA). These findings enhance the understanding of psychological determinants of health behaviors and suggest practical implications for educational and public health strategies. Gender turned out to be a significant determinant of some relationships between health behaviors and the examined dispositions in Polish health sciences students.
本研究考察了乐观主义和自我效能感在影响波兰健康科学专业学生健康行为方面的作用，重点关注性别差异。采用横断面设计，样本为318名学生。分别使用一般自我效能量表（GSES）、生活取向测试修订版（LOT-R）和健康行为量表（HBI）来评估自我效能感、乐观主义和健康行为（HB）的强度。关于特质乐观水平，HB的差异具有统计学意义（(2, 312) = 4.22， = 0.016，ηp = 0.03）。结果表明，LOT-R得分是积极心理态度（PMA）行为和预防行为（PA）频率较高的一个统计学显著条件。观察到了性别差异：男性中PMA和PhA得分较高的情况更为频繁，而女性的PA得分较高。在两个子量表中，性别以及GSES和LOT-R对HBI结果的影响具有统计学意义（PhA方面是LOT-R，PA方面是GSES）。这些发现增进了对健康行为心理决定因素的理解，并为教育和公共卫生策略提出了实际意义。在波兰健康科学专业学生中，性别被证明是健康行为与所考察的性格之间某些关系的一个重要决定因素。
