Klein E
Clin Nephrol. 1978 Apr;9(4):131-7.
The development of clinical dialyzers is traced over the past three decades. Beginning with the Kolff rotating device, the evolution of dialyzers has followed a path to reduce size, increase metabolite transport, and minimize blood losses. A combination of design innovations and membrane developments has been necessary to achieve the performance of current dialyzers. These include the development of thin-channel plate dialyzers, hollow-fiber membranes, and more permeable membranes. The development of better devices has been hindered by lack of complete understanding of physiological and biochemical needs for treatment of end stage renal patients. A backlog of engineering and materials information is available for future utilization when therapy needs are clarified. Future trends in membrane developments may include melt-extrudable and "non-isotropic" membranes.
临床透析器的发展历程可追溯至过去三十年。从科尔夫旋转装置开始，透析器的演变朝着减小尺寸、增加代谢物传输以及减少血液损失的方向发展。要实现当前透析器的性能，设计创新和膜技术的发展缺一不可。这些包括薄通道平板透析器、中空纤维膜以及渗透性更强的膜的发展。由于对终末期肾病患者治疗的生理和生化需求缺乏全面了解，更好设备的研发受到了阻碍。当治疗需求明确后，大量的工程和材料信息可供未来使用。膜技术发展的未来趋势可能包括可熔融挤出的“非各向同性”膜。
