Bioengineering research over the past 16 years has provided clear definition of the design parameters controlling solute transport in dialyzers and resulted in the present dialysis systems which have a broad range of solute transport and ultrafiltration properties with predictable performance. Research into the pathophysiology of uremia has further established the role of protein catabolism in pathogenesis and resulted in information indicating that endocrine metabolic, drug toxicity and immunologic pathogenetic mechanisms may also be operative in this complex syndrome. Average dialysis treatment time has decreased more than 50 percent over the last ten years, but to a considerable extent remains empirically determined. Progress in elucidation of the solute kinetic parameters controlling solute concentration during regular dialysis therapy (RDT) is reviewed and the critical role of mass balance in evaluation of this therapy is discussed. Progress in kinetic modeling to quantify RDT is reviewed, the limitations of current kinetic models are considered and anticipated requirements to develop improved model parameters outlined.
过去16年的生物工程研究已明确了控制透析器中溶质转运的设计参数，并产生了目前的透析系统，这些系统具有广泛的溶质转运和超滤特性，性能可预测。对尿毒症病理生理学的研究进一步确立了蛋白质分解代谢在发病机制中的作用，并得出信息表明，内分泌代谢、药物毒性和免疫发病机制在这种复杂综合征中也可能起作用。在过去十年中，平均透析治疗时间减少了50%以上，但在很大程度上仍凭经验确定。本文综述了在阐明常规透析治疗（RDT）期间控制溶质浓度的溶质动力学参数方面取得的进展，并讨论了质量平衡在评估该治疗中的关键作用。综述了量化RDT的动力学建模进展，考虑了当前动力学模型的局限性，并概述了开发改进模型参数的预期要求。
